1 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS Xue Ji Chinese Academy of Engineering

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS2 BACKGROUND While an open source license may give you complete freedom to modify and distribute code, it can never give you freedom to distribute modified code under the licensor’s trademark, or the rights in the trademark will eventually evaporate.

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS3 BACKGROUND  Open Source Software v.s. IPR OSS Trademark Document & Code License OSS Enterpise Linked with hardware Copyright Law (document) Trademark Law Contract Law Patent Law Antitrust Law

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS4 BACKGROUND a dilemma - GPL v.s. Trademark Law dilemma OSS license e.g. GPL copy and distribute VERBATIM copies of the Program ’ s source code Trademark Law can not USE a trademark without grant

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS5 In Practice  Integrated develop environment KERNEL From OSS society Wipe off\Replace Trademarks in source code Compiling Packaging Integrating Selling As a New software Reserving Trademarks In source code

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS6 Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal? KERNEL From OSS society Compiling Packaging Integrating Selling As a New software Wipe off\Replace Trademarks in source code

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS7 Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal? 1. Reverse Counterfeit  Replacing others ’ registered trademark without grant, and selling which in the market means REVERSE COUNTEREIT, which is TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT. --Chinese Trademark Law

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS8 wiping off\replacing the trademarks in source code =Reverse Counterfeit =Trademark Infringement Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS9 KERNEL From OSS society Compiling Packaging Integrating Selling As a New software Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS10 Legal Analysis reserving, legal? KERNEL From OSS society Compiling Packaging Integrating Selling As a New software Reserving Trademarks In source code

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS11 Reserving the trademarks in the source code USING in Trademark Law ？ YES Trademark Infringement? No legal Defense Trademark Infringement Legal Defense Legal NO Legal Analysis reserving, legal? STEP 1 STEP 2

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS12  STEP 1 Reserving=Using? Interpretation to Chinese Trademark Law, Item 52 nd —  Using a same or similar trademark on a same or similar goods, without grant, leads to trademark infringement. Legal Analysis reserving, legal?

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS13 Legal Analysis reserving, legal? Traditional view: copying a trademark ‘ hidden ’ in source code≠USING a trademark  USING: copying a trademark on package, container or contract, or putting a trademark on advertisement. --Chinese Trademark Law  USING: For a software, using means copying a trademark on dialog box, title bar or copyright page when the software is running. --Judicial Interpretation of Beijing Prime Court

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS14 COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING Source Code  OSS enlarged the scale of USING a trademark The Source Code is facing all the users in OSS, while in traditional area, the source code is ‘hidden’.

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS15  OSS enlarged the scale of USING a trademark OSS ： Copying the Trademark Hidden in Source Code. SOFTWARE ： Displaying the Trademark on title bar, Dialog box Or Copyright Page when running. Traditional Goods ： Copying the trademark on the package, container or advertisment. COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS16  Conclusion ： copying a trademark hidden in Source Code=USING COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS17 Reserving the trademarks in the source code USING in Trademark Law ？ YES Trademark Infringement? No legal Defense Trademark Infringement Legal Defense Legal NO STEP 1 STEP 2 Legal Analysis reserving, legal?

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS18 Legal Analysis reserving, legal?  STEP 2 USING a trademark in source code=FARI USE ? Descriptive Use Indicated Use

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS19 1. DESCRIPTIVE USE  A trademark used as general title, figure or showing the goods ’ quality, function, or other descriptive feature means a descriptive trademark. －－ Chinese Trademark Law  A trademark which is descriptive can be fair use. －－ USA Lanham ACT DESCRIPTIVE USE

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS20 DESCRIPTIVE USE Descriptive Use of OSS trademarks as LINUX  LINUX is on the process to apply as registered trademark in China.  LINUX has transited to a frequently used term on the Internet and do not clearly demonstrate trademark usage.  We should descriptively use LINUX, which is FAIR USE.

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS21 INDICATIVE USE 1. INDICATIVE USE  A trademark to indicate the purpose of goods or service, especially to show the origin of the components, can be used indicatively. --EU  A auto accessory shop may use the auto ’ s trademark indicatively, in a non conspicuous way. --CHINA

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS22 INDICATIVE USE 2. CASE  To show the true information about the CMOS chip, the computer enterprise often USE the trademark of the chip enterprise on the computer.  INTEL ： encourage other computer enterprise using the trademark as INTEL INSIDE.

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS23 INDICATIVE USE 3. Providing to be Indicative Use? Providing 1: The aim is to convey the true information of the goods to the consumer. Providing 2: The consumer will not confuse the owner of the trademark with the user of the trademark.

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS24 INDICATIVE USE 4. Indicative Use of the OSS= FAIR USE 1.Most OS License need ‘ reserve all the marks verbatim ’ is to convey the true information of the OSS, rather than promote their software goods as an advertisement. －－ providing １ 2.The OPENESS of OSS means that, everyone can get others ’ source code from the OS society, then modify it and redistribute it. Thus, when faced of a OS trademark, the consumer can not regard any relation between the trademark USER and the OWNER, not to mention confuse them. －－ providing ２ Providing 1 ： aim to offer true information of the goods to consumer. Providing 2: The consumer will not confuse the owner of the trademark with the user of the trademark

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS25 CONCLUSION Reserving the trademarks In the source code = USING Descriptive UseIndicative Use

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS26 CONCLUSION  Copy and Distribute VERBATIM copies of the Program ’ s source code = FAIR USE

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS27 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS THANK YOU ！ Xue Ji Chinese Academy of Engineering

FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS28 致谢 本论文在研究过程中得到了北京大学 张平女士的极大 帮助，也希望各位老师能够提出宝贵意见！多谢！ 联系人：姬学