3D + 2D TV 3D Displays with No Ghosting for Viewers Without Glasses Steven Scher Jing Liu Rajan Vaish Prabath Gunawardane James Davis University of California Santa Cruz SIGGRAPH 2013

3DTV

Standard 3D TV

3D+2DTV Prototype

Third, Inverted Image

Related Work Projecting onto a Non-Uniform Surface Minimizing disparity Autostereoscopic Displays Didyk 2011 Dodgson 2005 Grossberg 2004

Theory Experiments Prototype

Standard 3DTV L L R R R R As Seen Without Stereo Glasses L L L R R R Same for Both Eyes 2D 3D Time L + R

3D+2DTV L L As Seen Without Stereo Glasses L L L R R R L L L R R R Same for Both Eyes Time 2D 3D 3D+2D L + R+(1-R)

3D+2DTV L L As Seen Without Stereo Glasses L L L R R R Time 3D+2D L L L R R R L + α R [R+(1-R)] Dimmer

3D+2DTV As Seen Without Stereo Glasses L L L R R R Time 3D+2D L L L R R R Dimmer Variable-Length L L L L L R L L L + α R [R+(1-R)]

3D+2DTV Time Variable-Length L L L L L R L + α R [R+(1-R)] αR=αR= Brightness of Right Stereo Image Brightness of Left Stereo Image

Darkest and Brightest Pixel of 2D Image Darkest Pixel Brightest Pixel: Equal Length Brightest Pixel: Variable Length Brightness L L L L L R Brightest Pixel = 1- α R /(1+2α R ) %% % αRαR % Variable-Length Frames: Darkest Pixel = α R max L Brightest Pixel = (1+α R )max L L L L R R R Dimmed, Equal-Length Frames:

Viable α? α=100%α=0% Acceptable 2D View 2D Normal2D Low Contrast Acceptable 3D View 3D Brightness Too Unequal 3D Normal

Viable α? α=100%α=0% Acceptable 2D View Acceptable 3D View OK

Theory Experiments 2D Viewer Preferences 3D Depth Perception 3D Illusions Prototype

Viewer Preference Test: Composite 2D Image α=40% Standard 3DTV3D+2DTV Double-Image Lower Contrast

Viewer Preference Test: Composite 2D Image α=20% α=40% α=60% Standard 3DTV3D+2DTV

2D Viewers Prefer 3D+2DTV to 3DTV Equal Length Variable-Length % Who Prefer 3D+2DTV %% % αRαR

3D Depth Perception Test FarNear Stereo Image Shown

3D Depth Perception Test FarNear Perceived 3D Image

3D Depth Perception Test Perceived 3D Image

Depth Estimation Excellent for α ≥ 25% Error in Depth Estimation (degrees disparity) %% % αRαR

Viable α α=100% α=0% α=40% α=25% Acceptable 2D View Acceptable 3D View OK!

Adaptation to a Darker Image Dark Lens Left EyeRight Eye Stationary Object

SLOW Dimmer Image = Delayed Image Stationary Object

SLOW Moving Objects: Disparity = Depth Time = 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 Moving Object Apparent Location

Pulfrich Effect Creates Depth Super Bowl Commercial - Diet Coke Doctor Who 3 rd Rock from the Sun

3D Depth Perception of Moving Objects Stereo Image Shown

3D Depth Perception of Moving Objects Perceived 3D Image

Depths of Moving Objects Distorted Right Eye Dimmer Left Eye Dimmer Depth Error (Degrees) Equal Brightness  Slow  Fast  Fast  Slow

Theory Experiments Prototype

Prototype

3D Projector 3D Glasses LR L R

Prototype Polarizing Filter 3D Glasses (With Polarizing Filter) LR R L R R

Standard 3D TV

3D + 2D TV Prototype

Third Channel: Inverse of Right Eye

Standard 3D TV

3D + 2D TV Prototype

Third Channel: Inverse of Right Eye

Standard 3D TV

3D + 2D TV Prototype

Third Channel: Inverse of Right Eye

Thank you Please stay after the next talk to see a live demo of a new single-projector prototype

Two-Frame 3D+2DTV L L As Seen Without Stereo Glasses L L L R R R L L L Time Three Frames L + R+(1-R) Two Frames R R R