Practicing Leadership: Principles and Applications Chapter 5: Psychology I: Intelligence and Personality

“Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.” Winston Churchill

What is Intelligence? Intelligence - the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new and trying situations; the ability to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. IQ: intelligence quotient- person’s score on a standardized test designed to measure intelligence

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Musical Intelligence – ability to understand and create music Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence – ability to control bodily motions and handle objects skillfully Spatial Intelligence – ability to think in pictures and recreate it Interpersonal Intelligence – ability to perceive and understand other individuals Intrapersonal Intelligence – understanding one’s self Linguistic Intelligence – a sensitivity to the meaning and order of words Logical-Mathematic Intelligence – ability in mathematics or other complex logical systems Naturalistic Intelligence – ability to recognize and classify plants, minerals, and animals

Daniel Goleman Emotional Intelligence – ability to fully understand oneself and to relate well with others. Emotional Families: AngerSadness FearLove EnjoymentSurprise DisgustShame

Costs to Leaders Loss of followers Conflict Absenteeism Health costs Lawsuits Workplace violence Leader’s job

Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence DomainLeadership Competencies Self-Awareness: An accurate self- assessment of own strengths and weaknesses Emotional Self Awareness, Accurate Self Awareness, Self Confidence Self-Management: Good self-control, genuine, adaptable, and achievement- oriented. Self-Control, Transparency, Adaptability, Achievement, Initiative, Optimism Social Awareness: Keenly aware of and are able to navigate through organizational hierarchies and foster an open communication environment. Empathy, Organizational Awareness, Service Relationship Management: Able to inspire people and help mobilize a shared mission. Inspiration, Influence, Developing Others, Change Catalyst, Conflict Management, Teamwork and Collaboration

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Intelligence is how well an individual deals with environmental changes Three parts of Triarchic theory: ▫Componential sub theory – relates to one’s ability to solve problems using internal mechanisms. ▫Experiential sub theory – considers how familiar a person is with the test content. ▫Contextual sub theory – relates to the relevance of the test content to the individual taking the test.

Personality Personality – The particular way an individual affects others and understands him or herself. Nature versus Nurture Debate – The debate over to what degree personality characteristics and traits are affected by one's genetics (nature) and environment (nurture).

Attitudes ComponentsDefinitionExample AffectiveFavorable or unfavorable feelings The workers’ feelings about the new regulations BehaviorHuman actionsThe workers’ performance CognitiveBeliefs, knowledge, understanding The workers’ beliefs about performance standards and supervision The Components of Attitudes

Attitudes, Perceptions, and Attributions Social Perceptions – impressions of people who are different from us. Stereotyping – fixed impressions, exaggerated or preconceived ideas about particular groups, usually based solely on physical appearance. Selective Perceptions – refers to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception. Perceptual defense – occurs when persons distort or deny information that is too difficult to acknowledge as true. Attribution – assigning some quality or character to a person or thing.