ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 1. Flames 2. Electrothermal Atomizers 3. Plasmas.

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Presentation transcript:

ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 1. Flames 2. Electrothermal Atomizers 3. Plasmas

X = laser plasmas stellar interior

NaMg +

Na Spectrum

Combustion zones in the common Bunsen Burner

Combustion zones in a pre-mixed, elongated, laminar flame

Temperature profiles for a natural gas-air flame.

Air-Acetylene Flame Fuel-air ratios

How do we introduce liquid samples into the flame? Direct Insertion… Total Consumption Burner

VERY NOISY!! Total Consumption Burner

Plan B: Use a nebulizer

Concentric nebulizer Crossed-flow nebulizer

V-Groove Babington nebulizer Ball-type Babington nebulizer for viscous samples

Pre-mixed flame system with concentric nebulizer and spray chamber

Perkin-Elmer Burner System

Burner Head Design (Looking down from above) Emission/Fluorescence Absorption

Fraction of analyte present as neutral free gaseous atom in the flame

Background Emission from Flames Oxygen - Hydrogen Oxygen - Acetylene Nitrous oxide - Acetylene

Flame Absorption Profiles vary by element

Signals also vary with sample flow rate

Block Diagram of a Flame Emission Spectrometer

Schematic Diagram of a single-beam atomic absorption spectrometer

The monochromator in an atomic absorption experiment simply isolates the appropriate spectral line from all of the lines emitted by the light source

Atomic Absorption Spectrometers

Continuum Source Background Correction

Representative Flame Detection Limits (ng/mL)