SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEMS By: Justin Kramer

Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building (OGZEB)

What is the OGZEB?? Platinum Green – Water Efficient – Sustainable Site – Materials – Indoor Air Quality – Energy

Energy Efficiency Source: Daniel Kammen, UC Berkeley, ER 100 Lecture 1, Fall 2005

Energy Efficiency Energy Consumption by Application

Building Efficiency –Structural Insulated Panels Consumer Efficiency –HVAC –Water Heater –Lighting Energy Efficiency

$116/barrel in April 2008

Energy Production

$116/barrel in April 2008

$116/barrel in April 2008

Photovoltaic Panels – First Generation – 6 kW Array – 500 sqft Solar Thermal – 120 sqft Collector – 300 gallon tank Energy Collection

Energy Storage

ElectrolyzerFuel Cell H 2 O H 2 O H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 O Energy Storage

H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 Thermal O

Energy Consumers Energy Consumption by Application

Energy Storage

Hydrogen Properties

Combustion Properties

Premixing Properties No Premixing 50% Premixing 100% Premixing No Premixing Hydrogen

Hydrogen Properties Experimental Setup

Temperature Gradient Setup

Gradient Profile: 135 Degrees 1.25 psig Temperature Gradient Analysis

Gradient Profile: 135 Degrees 1.25 psig

Gradient Profile: 135 Degrees 1.25 psig Z=0 Z=0.5 z=1

Gradient Profile: 135 Degrees 1.25 psig

Hydrogen Retrofits

Solaire Grill

Solaire Burner

Burner Considerations

Hydrogen Burner

Thermocouple Plate

Rinnai Water Heater

Rinnai Burner

Burner Considerations 135 Degrees 180 Degrees Both at 0.5 psig Both have a in Diameter Orifice

Hydrogen Burner

Hydrogen Burner Testing

Hydrogen Burner Results

Hydrogen Safety

University of Miami Test By: Dr. M. Swain Hydrogen vs. Gasoline 0 sec

University of Miami Test By: Dr. M. Swain Hydrogen vs. Gasoline 30 sec

University of Miami Test By: Dr. M. Swain Hydrogen vs. Gasoline 1 min

University of Miami Test By: Dr. M. Swain Hydrogen vs. Gasoline 1min 30 sec

University of Miami Test By: Dr. M. Swain Hydrogen vs. Gasoline 2min 20 sec

Conclusion/Questions

mdot Qdot Burners.25 psi.5 psi.25 psi.5 psi 48.31E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E+04 mdot Qdot Pressure E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E+03 Density Propane 1.91 kg/m 3 Natural Gas 0.68 kg/m 3 Hydrogen kg/m 3

Error The error in the data was ± 0.5 C for the thermocouples, ± 0.1 C for the thermistor and ± psi for the pressure transducer.