Chapter 6 Problem Solving and Algorithm Design

2 Phase Interactions

3 Pseudocode While ( the quotient is not zero ) Divide the decimal number by the new base Make the remainder the next digit to the left in the answer Replace the original decimal number with the quotient

4 Following an Algorithm Figure 6.4 A recipe for Hollandaise sauce

5 Following an Algorithm Algorithm for preparing a Hollandaise sauce If concerned about cholesterol Put butter substitute in a pot Else Put butter in a pot Turn on burner Put pot on the burner While (NOT bubbling) Leave pot on the burner Put other ingredients in the blender Turn on blender While (more in pot) Pour contents into lender in slow steam Turn off blender

6 Following Pseudocode What is 93 in base 8? 93/8 gives 11 remainder 5 11/8 gives 1 remainder 3 1/ 8 gives 0 remainder 1 answer While ( the quotient is not zero ) Divide the decimal number by the new base Make the remainder the next digit to the left in the answer Replace the original decimal number with the quotient

7 Pseudocode for Complete Computer Solution Write "Enter the new base" Read newBase Write "Enter the number to be converted" Read decimalNumber Set quotient to 1 While (quotient is not zero) Set quotient to decimalNumber DIV newBase Set remainder to decimalNumber REM newBase Make the remainder the next digit to the left in the answer Set decimalNumber to quotient Write "The answer is " Write answer

8 Following Pseudocode

9 Pseudocode Functionality Variables Names of places to store values quotient, decimalNumber, newBase Assignment Storing the value of an expression into a variable Set quotient to 64 quotient <-- 64 quotient <-- 6 *

10 Pseudocode Functionality Output Printing a value on an output device Write, Print Input Getting values from the outside word and storing them into variables Get, Read

11 Pseudocode Functionality Repetition Repeating a series of statements Set count to 1 While ( count < 10) Write "Enter an integer number" Read aNumber Write "You entered " + aNumber Set count to count + 1

12 Pseudocode Functionality Selection Making a choice to execute or skip a statement (or group of statements) Read number If (number < 0) Write number + " is less than zero." or Write "Enter a positive number." Read number If (number < 0) Write number + " is less than zero." Write "You didn't follow instructions."

13 Pseudocode Functionality Selection Choose to execute one statement (or group of statements) or another statement (or group of statements) If ( age < 12 ) Write "Pay children's rate" Write "You get a free box of popcorn" else If ( age < 65 ) Write "Pay regular rate" else Write "Pay senior citizens rate"

14 Pseudocode Example Write "How many pairs of values are to be entered?" Read numberOfPairs Set numberRead to 0 While (numberRead < numberOfPairs) Write "Enter two values separated by a blank; press return" Read number1 Read number2 If (number1 < number2) Print number1 + " " + number2 Else Print number2 + " " number1 Increment numberRead

What do you think? Some people feel new algorithms are discovered and others feel that new algorithms are created. What do you think? What conclusions about ownership and rights can be made based upon the differing perspectives? 15

Problem Solving Develop an algorithm that would return the fewest coins in change from a purchase of under one dollar (include pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters). 16