Square Grid Insects in the grid were vacuumed into a plastic bag. Insects were examined under a microscope to separate species and counted. Insect counts were expressed as number of adults/square foot.

KSU Pilot Flour Mill Heat Treatment, June 25-27, 1999 Slides from the heat-up Natural Gas heaters were used Heat treatment done by Rupp Industries, Inc. Mention of a proprietary product name does not imply Endorsement by the Department of Grain Science & Industry and Kansas State University

Insects can escape heat treatment by exiting through doorways Treat these areas with Cyfluthrin or Tempo before heat treatment. Put sticky material or sticky tape to capture insects escaping from heat- treated areas to unheated areas.

20 Inch Duct Blowing Hot Air From Rupp, Inc. Gas Heater KSU Pilot flour mill, 1 st floor of the cleaning house. The gas heater was on the south side of the building (on the outside).

First Floor Cleaning House Wheat lift. Note dust accumulation on floor. A Hobo (for measurign temp.) is to the left of the wheat lift on floor.

3 rd Floor Cleaning House Buhler aspirator. Note wheat on floor. A Flit-Trak trap w/ 3 lures for red & confused flour beetles, cigarette beetle, and warehouse beetle.

4 th Floor Mill Sifter boxes. Hobo on the outside. In the foreground is Phercon II trap for moths.

5 th Floor Mill Note Phercon II trap.

Natural Gas Burners Gas line hooked up to burners. Each burner of 550,000 BTUs. Burners not turned on (note collapsed ductwork)

Natural Gas Burners Burners fired-up.

Tempo Research Concrete disks exposed to heat in 3 rd floor of mill. Disks removed at different times durign heat treatment. In the laboratory, adult red flour beetles were added inside rings placed on disks.

Tempo Research A replicate of disks in Subi’s office. These disks served as controls (they were treated with Temp but not exposed to heat). There are 8 disks for 8 time periods.

Cleaning House, 3 rd Floor Cooling tower. Temper conveyer. Recording temperature during heat treatment with an infrared laser beam.

Tempo Research Disks on floor in mill (3 rd floor).

Tempo Research Disks with red flour beetles inside.

First Floor Cleaning House Door to manlift. Many insects were found at this interface and a few outside the door. These doorways should be treated or taped to kill or trap escaping insects.

Dr. Dale Eustace’s Infrared Heat Tracer This was used to get instantaneous record of temperatures during a heat treatment.

Tempo Research Dr. Frank Arthur setting up the concrete disks treated with Tempo and the Hobos in the 3 rd floor of the mill.

Ductwork During Heat Treatment Ductwork (20 inches) from natural gas heaters in loading dock, going into 2 nd floor of the mill (roll floor). Note specially constructed wooden door to stabilize the ductwork.

Experiments During Flour Mill Heat Treatment Concrete disk treated with Tempo, and plastic trays with insects on 3 rd floor of mill.

New Trap for Dusty Environments Flit-Trak trap with a opaque cover. This creates an ideal environment for red flour beetle to seek refuge.

Flit Trak Trap Trap against wall in 1 st floor of cleaning house.

Natural Gas Heater 1.4 million BTUs. This burner is hooked up and pumping hot air into the 1 st floor of the cleaning house.

Heat Treatment: Safety Always wear cotton or padded gloves to avoid injury from hot metal surfaces in the mill.

New Indianmeal Moth Trap For under cabinet use. Concealed for use in retail stores.

Flour Mill Experiments with Insects These square dishes with and without food contained 8 different species of insects. Different dishes were used for different species. Dishes were removed at 3 different times during heat-up.

Placing Cables and Hobos in Mill Subfloor Jorge Ayala, a Ph.D. student in Entomology at KSU, setting up the cables.

Subi’s Helpers Sewit Retta and Kim Korte, helped collect all insect data. Both are undergrads, never been exposed to bugs, but now love them.

Manlift Area Door leads into 1 st floor of cleaning house. This area was not heat treated. Insects escaping heat treatment were present at the bottom of this door.

Flit Trak Trap Traps contain a shallow receptacle for oil. The cover has 3 holes to hold three different lures.

Fans These fans were used to redistribute heat during the flour mill heat treatment.

Flour Mill-Subfloor Dr. Alan Dowdy setting up cables underneath sub- floor area of 2 nd floor of the mill.

Temperature Measuring Devices This device was used to measure temperature from cables placed throughout the mill. It could read 18 sensors on each cable. There were 4 such cables.

Mill Experiments Trays with plastic dishes containing insects, and pheromone lures fo 5 insect species. These were sampled over time during heat treatment.

Phercon II Moth Trap Almond moth lure was placed inside the trap. Trap placed on 4 th floor of the mill. There were 10 traps per floor (there were 8 floors in the flour mill & cleaning house combined).

Blo-Vac Gun This gun works on the venturi/vortex principle. It can work as a vacuum or as a duster. We used it to vacuum bugs from floor after a heat treatment.

West Side of Shellenberger Hall The wall with windows in the flour mill. To the right is the feed mill. Note natural gas burners on the dock.