Terpenes are the building blocks for a number of molecules Phytol tail on chlorophyll Ubiquinone tail Gibberellins Cytokinin Steroids Many secondary products

Terpenes are the building blocks for a number of molecules Phytol tail on chlorophyll Ubiquinone tail Gibberellins Cytokinin Steroids Many secondary products

Fig

Fig Terpenes are made from C5 units

Fig Thyme leaf surfaceSpearmint trichome Secretory cavity lemon Resin duct, Jeffrey Pine

Nuts and Bolts The terpene lecture is on the web Papers are due Thursday, May 9 Final exam Saturday, May Tureaud

Terpenes are the building blocks for a number of molecules Phytol tail on chlorophyll Ubiquinone tail Gibberellins Cytokinin Steroids Many secondary products

In plants, hemes are built from glutamate in the chloroplast In animals and fungi, hemes are made from succinyl CoA and glycine in the mitochondria The chlorophyll phytol tail is a terpene

Fig phytol

Succinyl CoA + glycine Heme Biosynthesis (animals)

Fig

Glutamic acid to ALA

Two ALA molecules are condensed to make porphobilinogen

Fig porphobilinogen molecules make up protoporphyrinogen IX

Fig Chlorophyll biosynthesis begins with chelation of Mg+2

Fig

Chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates Protoporphyrinogen – four rings Protochlorophyllide – Ring V is made Chlorophyllide – Ring IV is reduced Chlorophyll – phytol is atttached

Terpenes are the building blocks for a number of molecules Phytol tail on chlorophyll Ubiquinone tail Gibberellins Cytokinin Steroids Many secondary products

The isoprene unit is the basic building block of terpenes The isoprene unit has five carbons Three Acetyl CoA molecules make up mevalonic acid (MVA) which has (6 carbons) MVA is oxidized, CO 2 is lost and isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP) is made This occurs in the ER There is another pathway in the plastid (don’t worry about it)

Fig ER pathway Highly regulated

Fig ER pathway (continued)

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Fig Plastid pathway (top)

Fig

Yes No

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Fig

C20 C40 head to head dimerization

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Fig

See also Figure 17.28

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Monoterpenes

Sesquiterpenes

Diterpenes