PHYTOPLANKTON Diversity of Algae in the Plankton

All are free-floating All capture light energy by oxygenic photosynthesis All use a suite of photosynthetic pigments that includes Chlorophyll a.

Major Groups of Freshwater Phytoplankters 1.Blue-Green Algae- Cyanobacteria 2.Green Algae- Chlorophyta 3.Yellow-Green Algae- Xanthophyta 4.Golden-Brown Algae- Chrysophyta 5.Diatoms- Bacillariophyta 6.Haptomonads- Haptophyta 7.Cryptomonads- Cryptophyta 8.Dinoflagellates- Pyrrhophyta 9.Euglenoids- Euglenophyta

1. Blue-Green Algae=CYANOBACTERIA Chlorophyll a Β Carotene Xanthophylls Billiproteins No flagella Photosynthate stored as cyanophycin

Filamentous Cyanobacteria Heterocystic Filaments – Anabaena – Aphanizomenon

Filamentous Cyanobacteria No Cellular Differentiation – Oscillatoria – Planktothrix

Colonial Cyanobacteria Microcystis Gloeocapsa

2. Green Algae=CHLOROPHYTA Chlorophylls a and b Β Carotene Xanthophylls Paired, anteriorly-directed flagella Photosynthate stored as starch

Volvocines Volvox Pandorina Chlamydomonas

Chlorococcalian Greens Scenedesmus Pediastrum Ankistrodesmus Oocystis

Desmids Micrasterias Cosmarium Closterium

3. Yellow-Green Algae=XANTHOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly- directed whiplash flagella Photosynthate stored as oil Eyespot within the chloroplast

Xanthophytes Ophiocytium Tribonema

4. Golden-Brown Algae=CHRYSOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly- directed whiplash flagella Photosynthate stored as chrysolaminarin and fat Eyespot (if present) within the chloroplast Walls often made of silica scales

Chrysophytes Dinobryon Synura Mallomonas

5. Diatoms=BACILLARIOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Flagella only in sperm of centrics Photosynthate stored as oil or chrysolaminarin Walls (called frustules) made of silica

Centric Diatoms Cyclotella Melosira

Pennate Diatoms Fragilaria Synedra Navicula Asterionella

6. Haptomonads=HAPTOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Paired anteriorly-directed flagella and a haptonema Photosynthate stored as starch

Chrysochromulina

7. Cryptomonads=CRYPTOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Paired anteriorly-directed flagella Billiproteins Photosynthate stored as starch

Cryptomonas

8. Dinoflagellates=PYRRHOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) Posteriorly-directed whiplash and ribbon flagellum around middle of cell. Photosynthate stored as starch and oil

Dinoflagellates Gymnodinium Cystodinium Peridinium Ceratium

9. Euglenoids=EUGLENOPHYTA Chlorophylls a and c Β Carotene Xanthophylls Anteriorly-directed tinsel flagellum with paraflagellar rod (some with emergent recurrent flagellum) Photosynthate stored as leucosin

Euglenoids Euglena Phacus Trachelomonas