Ch. 10 Diagrams Photosynthesis

(a) Plants (b)Multicellular alga (c)Unicellular protists (d) Cyanobacteria (e)Purple sulfur bacteria 10  m 1  m 40  m Figure 10.2

Figure 10.4 Mesophyll Leaf cross section Chloroplasts Vein Stomata Chloroplast Mesophyll cell CO 2 O2O2 20  m Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane 1  m Thylakoid space Thylakoid Granum Stroma

Equation for Photosynthesis 6 CO H 2 O + Light energy  C 6 H 12 O O H 2 O © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Light Light Reactions Calvin Cycle Chloroplast [CH 2 O] (sugar) ATP NADPH NADP  ADP + P i H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2 Figure

Figure 10.7 Gamma rays X-rays UV Infrared Micro- waves Radio waves Visible light Shorter wavelength Longer wavelength Lower energy Higher energy nm 10  5 nm 10  3 nm 1 nm 10 3 nm 10 6 nm (10 9 nm) 10 3 m 1 m

Chloroplast Light Reflected light Absorbed light Transmitted light Granum Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9 White light Refracting prism Chlorophyll solution Photoelectric tube Galvanometer Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength. Green light High transmittance (low absorption): Chlorophyll absorbs very little green light. Blue light Low transmittance (high absorption): Chlorophyll absorbs most blue light. TECHNIQUE

(b) Action spectrum (a) Absorption spectra Engelmann’s experiment (c) Chloro- phyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids Wavelength of light (nm) Absorption of light by chloroplast pigments Rate of photosynthesis (measured by O 2 release) Aerobic bacteria Filament of alga RESULTS Figure 10.10

Figure (b) Structure of photosystem II (a) How a photosystem harvests light Thylakoid membrane Photon Photosystem STROMA Light- harvesting complexes Reaction- center complex Primary electron acceptor Transfer of energy Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID) Chlorophyll STROMA Protein subunits THYLAKOID SPACE ee

Figure Cytochrome complex Primary acceptor H2OH2O O2O2 2 H  + 1/21/2 P680 Light Pigment molecules Photosystem II (PS II ) Photosystem I (PS I ) Pq Pc ATP Electron transport chain P700 Light + H  NADP  NADPH NADP  reductase Fd ee ee ee ee 4 ee ee

Figure Photosystem I Primary acceptor Cytochrome complex Fd Pc ATP Primary acceptor Pq Fd NADPH NADP  reductase NADP  + H  Photosystem II

Figure STROMA (low H  concentration) THYLAKOID SPACE (high H  concentration) Light Photosystem II Cytochrome complex Photosystem I Light NADP  reductase NADP  + H  To Calvin Cycle ATP synthase Thylakoid membrane 2 13 NADPH Fd Pc Pq 4 H + +2 H + H+H+ ADP + P i ATP 1/21/2 H2OH2O O2O2

Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3PP P6 Short-lived intermediate 3-Phosphoglycerate 6 6 ADP ATP 6PP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle 6 NADPH 6 NADP  6 P i6 P i 6P Phase 2: Reduction Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) P 5 G3P ATP 3 ADP Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor (RuBP) 3P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 1P G3P (a sugar) Output Glucose and other organic compounds 3 Figure

Figure C 4 leaf anatomy The C 4 pathway Photosynthetic cells of C 4 plant leaf Mesophyll cell Bundle- sheath cell Vein (vascular tissue) Stoma Mesophyll cell PEP carboxylase CO 2 Oxaloacetate (4C) PEP (3C) Malate (4C) Pyruvate (3C) CO 2 Bundle- sheath cell Calvin Cycle Sugar Vascular tissue ADP ATP

Sugarcane Mesophyll cell Bundle- sheath cell C4C4 CO 2 Organic acid CO 2 Calvin Cycle Sugar (a) Spatial separation of steps (b) Temporal separation of steps CO 2 Organic acid CO 2 Calvin Cycle Sugar Day Night CAM Pineapple CO 2 incorporated (carbon fixation) CO 2 released to the Calvin cycle 21 Figure 10.21

Light Light Reactions: Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I Electron transport chain NADP  ADP + P i RuBP ATP NADPH 3-Phosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle G3P Starch (storage) Sucrose (export) Chloroplast H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2 Figure 10.22

Figure 10.UN02 Primary acceptor Cytochrome complex NADP  reductase Photosystem II Photosystem I ATP Pq Pc Fd NADP  + H  NADPH H2OH2O O2O2 Electron transport chain