Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Human Communication, 7 th Edition Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Six: Interpersonal Communication and Conversation This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: - any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; - preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; - any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Six Goals Maintain conversations more effectively Have more satisfying conversations Use different techniques to make communication more effective

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Conversational Realities Dialogue occurs in a number of places, contexts, and channels. Language disorders can interrupt the conversational process and require certain adjustments to maintain smooth dialogue.

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Opening Feedforward Business Feedback Closing Conversation: 5 Steps

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Opening Greeting another person Verbal (“Hello”) Nonverbal (handshake, wave) Opens channels of communication Previews future messages Feedforward

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The substance and focus of the conversation Fulfills one of the basic components of interpersonal communication: learn, relate, influence, play, or help Exchanges roles of speaker and listener frequently Business

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Feedback The act of reflecting on a conversation How to make feedback more effective: – If the feedback is mostly negative, start with something positive – Give feedback in the appropriate time and place – Get feedback about your feedback

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Closing The “good bye” of the conversation Combination of verbal and nonverbal Usually signals some degree of supportiveness May summarize the interaction as a conclusion

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Principles of Conversation Turn-Taking Dialogue Immediacy

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Principle of Turn-Taking Speaker Cues Turn-Maintaining cues Turn-Yielding cues Listener Cues Turn-Requesting cues Turn-Denying cues Back-channeling cues and interruptions

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Turn-Taking and Conversational Wants

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Principle of Dialogue Dialogue = Conversation Each person is a speaker and listener Objective is mutual understanding and empathy

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Principle of Immediacy The creation of closeness, a sense of togetherness, of oneness between speaker and listener Can make people more attractive to others Can be verbal or nonverbal

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Everyday Conversations Small talk Introducing people Excuses and apologies Complimenting Advice

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Small Talk Preliminary talk Helps ease into a major topic (“big talk”) Can be a politeness strategy Some relationships are based entirely on small talk

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Introducing People When can Introductions can cause difficulties? If you forget someone’s name If you don’t have to reveal your relationship with someone you’re introducing When you’re deciding on whether or not to use full names If two people have different ranks

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Six Steps to an Effective Handshake

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Six Steps to an Effective Handshake What should you NOT do during a handshake?

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Excuses and Apologies Excuse: Appropriate when you say, or are accused of saying, something other than what’s expected or sanctioned Apology: An expression of regret for something you did

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Complimenting A message of praise, flattery, or congratulations Can be qualified or unqualified Backhanded compliment A process of giving another person a suggestion for thinking or behaving Meta-advice: Advice about advice Advice