James Cook Usov Malik Form 9a

Детство Cook was born October 27, 1728 in the village of Marton. In 1736 the family moved to the village of Great Ayton, where Cook is given to a local school (now been transformed into a museum). After five years of study, James Cook begins to work on the farm under his father. At the age of seventeen Cook leaves his parents' home and moved to the city Steyts where for employment. However, a year later he leaves work and is hired as a cabin boy on a collier "Frilav" Walker. So begins the marine life of James Cook. Cook was born October 27, 1728 in the village of Marton. In 1736 the family moved to the village of Great Ayton, where Cook is given to a local school (now been transformed into a museum). After five years of study, James Cook begins to work on the farm under his father. At the age of seventeen Cook leaves his parents' home and moved to the city Steyts where for employment. However, a year later he leaves work and is hired as a cabin boy on a collier "Frilav" Walker. So begins the marine life of James Cook.

Начало карьеры Cook began his career as a sailor simple cabin boy on a merchant ship. Free time he devoted to the study of geography, business navigator, navigation, mathematics, astronomy, and he was interested in the description of marine expeditions. June 17, 1755, he enrolled as a sailor on the royal navy. A month after receipt Cook becomes' officers assistant, then - the boatswain. Soon after the Seven Years' War, Cook participated in the blockade of the French coast. In Cook returned to England in November 1762

Three expeditions of James Cook  Under the supervision of James Cook made three expeditions were much deeper insight into the people of our world.

The first circumnavigation ( biennium).  The official purpose of the expedition was to study the transit of Venus across the disk of the Sun [1]. However, the secret orders received by Cook, ordered him immediately after the completion of astronomical observations sent to the southern latitudes in search of the so-called southern continent. consider that between world powers was a fierce struggle for new colonies, very likely is the following assumption: astronomical observations were Admiralty screen covering the search for new colonies. Also, the purpose of the expedition was to establish the coast of Australia, especially the east coast, which is absolutely not been investigated.

April 10, 1769 reached the shores of Tahiti. Carrying out the orders of the Admiralty, ordered "all means to maintain friendship with the natives," Cook has established strict discipline in communication and team members of the expedition ship with the natives. Categorically forbidden to conflict with local residents to use violence. The available violations of this order strictly punished. Fresh food for the expedition were extracted by the exchange for European goods. Peace policy gave fruit - with the islanders were able to establish a good relationship, without which observation of Venus would impede seriously. Carrying out the orders of the Admiralty, ordered "all means to maintain friendship with the natives," Cook has established strict discipline in communication and team members of the expedition ship with the natives. Categorically forbidden to conflict with local residents to use violence. The available violations of this order strictly punished. Fresh food for the expedition were extracted by the exchange for European goods. Peace policy gave fruit - with the islanders were able to establish a good relationship, without which observation of Venus would impede seriously.

By the shores of New Zealand After carrying out astronomical observations, Cook went to the shores of New Zealand, taking local chieftain named Tupiya, who knew the surrounding islands and, in addition, could serve as a translator, and his servant Tiatu. With the natives of New Zealand, despite emphasized the peacefulness of the English failed to establish good relations. Expedition had to participate in several skirmishes, during which New Zealanders suffered some losses. The discovery was made - climbing the hill, saw Cook Strait separating New Zealand on the two islands. This strait was named after him. After carrying out astronomical observations, Cook went to the shores of New Zealand, taking local chieftain named Tupiya, who knew the surrounding islands and, in addition, could serve as a translator, and his servant Tiatu. With the natives of New Zealand, despite emphasized the peacefulness of the English failed to establish good relations. Expedition had to participate in several skirmishes, during which New Zealanders suffered some losses. The discovery was made - climbing the hill, saw Cook Strait separating New Zealand on the two islands. This strait was named after him.

The second circumnavigation ( biennium) ► Specific goals that put the Admiralty before the second expedition of Cook, are not known. We only know that the tasks of the expedition included the continuation of the study of the southern seas. Most definitely, persistent attempts to infiltrate Cook as far as possible to the south had to find a southern continent. It is unlikely that Cook acted in a similar manner based only on personal initiative, so it seems very likely that the opening of the southern continent was one of the goals of the expedition, although of such plans Admiralty did not know. Cook visited the island of Huahine and Raiatea, the island of Friendship. Fiji expedition withstood several skirmishes with the natives. On the island of Tanna (Fiji Islands) were replenished food stocks. September 3, 1774 was open to New Caledonia.

The third circumnavigation ( biennium)  The main goal set by the Admiralty to a third expedition Cook - the so-called discovery of the Northwest Passage - the waterway crossing the North American continent and connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. January 26, 1777 the ships came to Tasmania, where replenish water and firewood. February 13 ships arrived in the bay of Charlotte in New Zealand. New Zealand ships went to Tahiti, however, due to headwinds Cook was forced to change course and visit the first island of Friendship. Taita Cook arrived on August 12, 1777

Death of James Cook October 24, 1778 reached the Hawaiian Islands, the good relations established between the first members of the expedition and the Hawaiians began, but quickly deteriorates; every day the number of thefts committed by Hawaiians, increases and skirmishes that occurred because of attempts to recover stolen, getting hotter. Attitude Hawaiians for the expedition was meanwhile openly hostile. In the district there are many armed men. The number of thefts increased. February 13 from the deck "RESOLUTION" were stolen mites. Trying to get them back was unsuccessful and ended with an open clash. October 24, 1778 reached the Hawaiian Islands, the good relations established between the first members of the expedition and the Hawaiians began, but quickly deteriorates; every day the number of thefts committed by Hawaiians, increases and skirmishes that occurred because of attempts to recover stolen, getting hotter. Attitude Hawaiians for the expedition was meanwhile openly hostile. In the district there are many armed men. The number of thefts increased. February 13 from the deck "RESOLUTION" were stolen mites. Trying to get them back was unsuccessful and ended with an open clash.