Chapter 12 The Economic- Geography of Energy Introduction Energy in the International Arena: Trade and Geopolitics The National Arena: Location and Spatial Distribution Summary

Key Themes Location and spatial distribution: type of energy, location of supply and demand Spatial allocation and movement: methods of energy transfer & networks Futurism: what will be energy resources in the future, and the Malthusian Dragon: how will we adapt to depletion of nonrenewable energy resources?

Energy in the International Arena: Trade and Geopolitics The key role of energy in economic development Multiple sources, with varying geographies of production PETROLEUM: Highly uneven geographic distribution of resources AND a strong correlation between consumption and level of economic development Growth of global alliances in sectors with uneven development and strong levels of trade: OPEC

Parallels Fig. 12.3

Parallels Fig 12.2, 12.3

Parallels Fig 12.1, 12.2

Historic U.S. Energy Consumption

Aggregate Energy Flows 2003

U.S. Energy Imports & Exports Scale

U.S. Energy Consumption Trend

U.S. Energy Overview

Parallels Fig 12.6 Parallels Fig 12.8

Composite Energy Flow U.S. Parallels Figure 12.7

Petroleum 2003

Coal 2003

Natural Gas 2003

Electricity 2003 Not Secondary Energy in the Pacific Northwest!

Electrical Power Energy Sources U.S.

U.S. Electrical Energy Sources: More Detail

Electric Power Energy Sources

Electric Power Sales

The Falling Real Price of Electricity

Wind?  Could be huge in the PNW

Energy Consumption Indicators

Projected U.S. Energy Consumption Totally Unpredictable

Malthusian Dragons? Can these extrapolations continue? The finite supply of petroleum, natural gas, and even coal Shell’s recent revelations of exaggerated reserves The hydrogen potential: who would supply? Existing petro-dominant energy companies? New players The shifting interest in R&D in alternative energy sources with changing geopolitics Can R&D save us again? What do you think?

Energy Produced on Federal Lands

Upshot For most industries, energy costs are a small proportion of production costs But, they are critical, and intimately related to transportation costs, that do have a significant influence on the global distribution of production The geography of global economic activity is clearly influenced by energy supplies, costs, technologies, and trading systems