Lesson 1 Exploring Greenhouse Structures

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed! zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 3. Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on conceptual understanding of the role of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in different environments.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the specific chemical processes of either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. zRST.11 ‐ 12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account.(HS ‐ LS1 ‐ 1) zWHST.9 ‐ 12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. (HS ‐ LS1 ‐ 1)

Student Learning Objectives z1. Identify greenhouse designs. z2. Review considerations for greenhouse frameworks. z3. Identify and describe greenhouse glazing materials. z4. Describe the functions of the headhouse. z5. Discuss the advantages of retractable-roof greenhouses. z6. Describe greenhouse bench options.

Terms zAcrylic structured sheets zBench zEven-span greenhouse zFiberglass zGlass zGlazing zGreenhouse

Terms zGreenhouse framework zHeadhouse zHoop-house zLean-to greenhouse zPolycarbonate structured sheets zPolyethylene zRetractable-roof greenhouse

Terms zRidge-and-furrow greenhouse zRolling bench zStructured sheets zUneven-span greenhouse

Interest Approach zHave you ever been in a greenhouse? What did it look like? Was it hot or cold? Why? What are greenhouses used for? Think about your answers to these questions as you follow along with the lesson.

What are the common greenhouse sizes? zA greenhouse is a structure enclosed by glass or plastic that allows light transmission for the growth of plants. There are four basic styles of greenhouse design. yThe lean-to greenhouse shares a wall with a building and relies on the building structure to provide support for the roof.

Lean-to Greenhouse

yEven-span greenhouse structures are single houses that have roofs with an even pitch and an even width. A common even-span greenhouse that uses arching pipes for the framework is called a hoop house.

yUneven-span greenhouses have unequal pitches and widths. Use of this style is limited to hillsides. yRidge-and-furrow greenhouse structures consist of a number of greenhouses connected along the length of the house.

What considerations need to be addressed for greenhouse frameworks? zThe greenhouse framework supports the greenhouse covering material. yThe framework should be strong, yet allow the maximum amount of light to reach the plants.

yAluminum and aluminum/steel combination frameworks are popular because they are long lasting and considered to be low maintenance. Other framework materials include wood, galvanized steel, and angle iron.

What materials are used for greenhouse glazing? zThe covering of the greenhouse is referred to as the glazing. yConsiderations in choosing a glazing material include durability, light transmission, cost, and affects on heating costs.

yFlexible sheets of polyethylene are stretched over the greenhouse framework. yStructured sheets, including polycarbonate, acrylic, and fiberglass, which are made with double walls offer good insulation.

xPolycarbonate structured sheets are most widely used because they have good light transmission, they resist hail damage, and they are easy to work with.

xAcrylic structured sheets have high light transmission, but they cost more than polycarbonate sheets, are prone to hail damage, and are less flexible.

xFiberglass has dropped in popularity. It discolors after 7-10 years, is flammable and provides poor insulation.

yGlass is considered to be the best material for crop production. It has the highest light transmission and is long lasting.

What are the functions of the headhouse? zMany of the tasks that support the production of greenhouse crops takes place in a structure attached to the greenhouse, known as a headhouse. The headhouse might be used as a storage area, a potting area, an office, and/or a shipping area.

What are the advantages of retractable-roof greenhouses? zRetractable-roof greenhouse designs allow the roof to be opened and closed. yThe grower can open the roof when weather conditions are favorable to plant growth and close the roof when the crops need protection. When open, they provide plants with increased light levels and fresh air. This may also reduce cooling costs during warm periods of the year.

yRetractable-roof greenhouses can be used to prepare outdoor crops for the elements before leaving the greenhouse. Other advantages include reduced disease problems because of better ventilation, reduced irrigation due to rainfall, and more effective temperature control for DIF.

What are greenhouse bench options? zThe greenhouse bench is the structure that holds the plants above the ground. yMaterials used for benches include expanded galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic, and rot resistant wood. yBenches are arranged in the greenhouse with aisle space and growing space in mind.

 Common layouts include conventional arrangements, peninsular arrangements, and movable benches. yRolling benches maximize growing space by limiting space for aisles. The benches are placed on pipes, which allows them to be easily moved from side to side.

Greenhouse Control Systems are available from commercial vendors. Systems control – heating, cooling and irrigation systems.

Review/Summary zWhat are the common greenhouse sizes? zWhat considerations need to be addressed for greenhouse frameworks? zWhat materials are used for greenhouse glazing?

Review/Summary cont. zWhat are the functions of the headhouse? zWhat are the advantages of retractable- roof greenhouses? zWhat are greenhouse bench options?

The End!