NPMA Alan Watson Alexandria May 2012 Tank foundations Presenting Click to continue

AST Operating Locations are all over the world Join API 653 & EEMUA 159 together to have One world wide inspection Standard If you THINK that it is SAFE don’t do it ~ Do it when you KNOW that it is SAFE 2

A.P.I. 650 and 653 only give general guide lines to the type of foundation

If all 3 elements are present then corrosion can occur Air Moisture Steel If all 3 elements are present then corrosion can occur Corrosion Triangle

Murphy Oil Anniston, AL relocation of a 90 ft diameter tank the job was completed Feb 2001

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today Ground Pressure Tank shell Ground level Tank Bottom Concrete ring wall Water changes ground bearing pressure under concrete ring wall Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 © EEMUA 159 Edge settlement Tank shell settled below ground Edge settlement If you THINK that it is SAFE don’t do it ~ Do it when you KNOW that it is SAFE A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 © Uneven foundation settlement - 3 in -1in - 4 in Causes the top of the tank to become oval and jam the floating roof. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 © Lost Capacity in Tank Lost storage capacity over whole tank Product level Easily fixed Shell edge punching causes lost product capacity in tank Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

Tank Settlement into the Foundation EEMUA 159 Tank Shell Water and Debris Collected Tank Bottom Location of Possible Corrosion Shape after Repair

A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 © Tank Foundation Settlement Tank Foundation Ground level Compacted Ground A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today Summary Why install cathodic protection API 651 Why install double bottoms API 650 Appendix “I” Why install concrete under tanks API 650 Appendix “B” We are still making the same mistakes with tank foundations. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

Oklahoma State University THE NEXT STEP Oklahoma State University “Determining the Long Term Performance of Tank Foundations through the use of Case Studies” A. R. WATSON INC All rights reserved 2008 ©

Cooperative Research Program Together we are destined to do Great things AST Tank Foundation Standard Reflections of Professional Pride

API American Petroleum Institute (API) For more than 75 years, API has led the development of petroleum and petrochemical equipment and operating standards. API 650 “Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage API 653 “Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction” Publication. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today 72

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today API Standards 650 and 653 were produced as a guide for storage tank owners / operators State regulators are now starting to mandate the API Standards into State regulations API Standards have never investigated to see if some of the recommendations work Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today International Liquid Terminal Association (ILTA) ILTA represents 81 companies and partnerships that operate bulk liquid storage terminals in 43 countries Provides members with essential informational tools to facilitate regulatory compliance and improve operations, safety and environmental performance; Offers opportunities for relationship building, networking and knowledge sharing Represents the bulk liquid terminal industry before Congress and government agencies. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

EEMUA Engineering Equipment Material Users Association (EEMUA) EEMUA 159 “User’s Guide to the Maintenance and Inspection of Above-Ground Vertical Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks “ EEMUA 183 “Guide for the prevention of Leakage from Vertical, Cylindrical Steel Storage tanks” Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today 75

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today Codes and standards covering the steel tank design and construction are based on over 100 years of experience and lessons learned. The integrity of the tank structure as a primary container is dependent on the Foundation on which it sits. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today The primary function of a tank foundation is to minimize differential settlement, transfer the weight of the tank structure into the ground strata and prevent corrosion It has been reported that after 20 years of service more than 20% of the petroleum storage tanks have required major repairs to their foundations Owners /operators report a much higher percent Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today While some of these foundations have performed satisfactory others have not and have required significant investment in repair. People have theories over which foundations are the best No one has taken an in-depth look at the actual performance of different foundations in different weather environments Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

The records obtained to date have shown over 15 varieties of tank foundations Repairs performed on the tank are also of interest to the research team in conjunction with the type of foundation used, this information can be crucial in understanding the corrosion / settlement of the tank Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today Tank owners would benefit from a Cooperative Research Program and an unbiased review based on inspection records and case studies and analysis The use of case studies to evaluate the performance of infrastructure system has been successfully used before by the Federal Highway Association to investigate the performance of asphalt and concrete pavements Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today The Oklahoma State University research team has already been in contact with several international owners that have agreed to and have supplied construction and inspection records for over 1000 tanks in North America Oklahoma State University research team will require additional feedback from tank owners / operators / Consultants / inspectors from around the world to increase the size of the data base. Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Road Ahead Currently no standard exists for Foundations What is needed -- A Cooperative Research Program to Improve the reliability of Tank Foundations through development of a Joint Standard -- We need your help in a supporting a joint Academia, Industry & Government Cooperative Research Program Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today 82

The assembled database will be used to; To investigate the performance of design and construction of tank foundations Effectiveness of cathodic protection Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

Performance of double bottom tank repairs Tank foundation repair recommendation and strategies. Today we are still installing tank foundations that failed in the past and continue to fail Tomorrow is your reward for working SAFE today

“Watson Air Lift®” Technology Thank you For more information visit us at www.arwatson.com “Watson Air Lift®” Technology