U.S. History Chapter 18 United Nations On April 25, 1945 the representatives of 50 nations met in SF to establish a new peacekeeping body. Currently meets in New York City

U.S. History Chapter 18 Potsdam Conference Post World War II conference between the US, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

U.S. History Chapter 18 Satellite Nations Countries that were dominated and followed the Soviet Union

U.S. History Chapter 18 Containment A policy of preventing the extension of communism

U.S. History Chapter 18 Iron Curtain Division of Europe between West (capitalist) and East (communist) Phrase first used by Winston Churchill

U.S. History Chapter 18 Cold War Conflict of ideals between the United States and Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield

U.S. History Chapter 18 Truman Doctrine President Truman’s Foreign Policy “It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” (ie: communist Russia)

U.S. History Chapter 18 Marshall Plan $12.5 Billion to countries that oppose communism Putting the Truman Doctrine into practice

U.S. History Chapter 18 Berlin Airlift 327 days of flying food and supplies to West Berlin

U.S. History Chapter 18 N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Countries of Western Europe and the U.S. join to oppose communism

U.S. History Chapter 18 Chiang Kai-shek Leader of the Chinese Nationalists

U.S. History Chapter 18 Mao Zedong Leader of Chinese Communists

U.S. History Chapter 18 Taiwan After the communists gain control of mainland China, nationalists flee to the island of Taiwan

U.S. History Chapter 18 Korea Split – 38 th Parallel Korea split at 38 th parallel –North – Communist –South – Capitalist

U.S. History Chapter 18 Korean Conflict U.S. Goals in Korea –1. Maintain the 38 th parallel –2. Take North Korea –Reverse Domino Theory When China enters the war on the side of N. Korea we go back to goal #1

U.S. History Chapter 18 MacArthur v. Truman Douglass MacArthur –U.S. commander in Korea MacArthur likes goal #2 –China enters, MacArthur wants to take China too. Truman disagrees –Truman is President, MacArthur is a general. Truman wins Truman fires MacArthur –“Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”

U.S. History Chapter 18 House Un-American Activities Committee HUAC – Investigated communist influence in the movie industry Hunting out “Reds in America”

U.S. History Chapter 18 Hollywood Ten Were accused of being communist and refused to cooperate because they believed that the hearings were unconstitutional They were sent to prison

U.S. History Chapter 18 Blacklist A list of people that were condemned for having a communist background Approximately 500 people had their careers ruined

U.S. History Chapter 18 Alger Hiss Accused by Whittaker Chambers of being a spy. Hiss denied the claims. Information obtained in the 1990s from the USSR seem to prove Hiss’ guilt

U.S. History Chapter 18 Rosenbergs Ethel and Julius were accused and convicted of espionage and sentenced to death

U.S. History Chapter 18 Joseph McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy (Wis.) Communists are not just over there, they are here in America too.

U.S. History Chapter 18 McCarthyism Unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence.

U.S. History Chapter 18 H-Bomb Hydrogen Bomb 67 times the power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima

U.S. History Chapter 18 Dwight D. Eisenhower President of the United States Elected in 1952 Re-Elected in 1956

U.S. History Chapter 18 John Foster Dulles Secretary of State for Eisenhower Staunch Anti-Communist that saw the Cold War as a moral crusade against communism

U.S. History Chapter 18 Brinkmanship The willingness to go to the edge of all out war Number of nuclear weapons was increased.

U.S. History Chapter 18 C.I.A. Central Intelligence Agency Spies to gather information abroad

U.S. History Chapter 18 Warsaw Pact Military alliance for the Soviet Union and their satellite nations of the Eastern Block

U.S. History Chapter 18 Eisenhower Doctrine The U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country

U.S. History Chapter 18 Nikita Khrushchev Becomes the leader of the USSR after Stalin’s death in 1953

U.S. History Chapter 18 Space Race The competition for international prestige between the U.S. and USSR for exploration of space

U.S. History Chapter 18 Francis Gary Powers (U-2) High altitude spy flights over the Soviet Union FGP was shot down and captured May 1, 1960