THE COLD WAR Communism v. Democracy “The Fight for the World”

SOCIETY AND CLASS SYSTEM Soviet Communism v. American Democracy All people equal - social and economic status All people equal - social and economic status One class society One class society People can move betw. social and economic classes People can move betw. social and economic classes Lower, middle and upper classes, are, in theory, available to all Lower, middle and upper classes, are, in theory, available to all

PROPERTY AND ECONOMICS Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Socialism: in theory, property and business are owned by the community as a whole Socialism: in theory, property and business are owned by the community as a whole But in reality, the gov’t controls the economy, including all business and trade But in reality, the gov’t controls the economy, including all business and trade Capitalism: economy based on private ownership, of property and business Capitalism: economy based on private ownership, of property and business Economy is controlled mainly by free market trade Economy is controlled mainly by free market trade (supply and demand) (supply and demand)

FREEDOM AND RIGHTS Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Supposedly, all laws are for the good of society Supposedly, all laws are for the good of society Gov’t demands loyalty to what the communist party dictates Gov’t demands loyalty to what the communist party dictates No freedom of expression, travel or elections No freedom of expression, travel or elections People have right and liberties protected by Constitution from gov’t People have right and liberties protected by Constitution from gov’t Freedom of speech Freedom of assembly Freedom of press Freedom of movement Vote for leaders in free elections

GOALS IN THE COLD WAR Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Spread communism all over the world Spread communism all over the world Destroy enemies of communism Destroy enemies of communism Cause capitalism to collapse and make everyone “equal” Cause capitalism to collapse and make everyone “equal” Contain and stop the spread of communism Contain and stop the spread of communism Assist all other “enemies of communism” militarily or financially Assist all other “enemies of communism” militarily or financially

COLD WAR ALLIANCES Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Eastern Bloc countries forced to sign a military alliance: the “Warsaw Pact” Eastern Bloc countries forced to sign a military alliance: the “Warsaw Pact” Cuba, North Korea, China and other communist countries in Asia and Latin America Cuba, North Korea, China and other communist countries in Asia and Latin America Great western democracies joined NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Great western democracies joined NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Britain, France, West Germany and other anti- communist countries Britain, France, West Germany and other anti- communist countries Both sides feared attack from the other, so they created military alliance systems

World Alliances

NATO v. Warsaw Pact How could there be a “Cold” War with military alliances? How could there be a “Cold” War with military alliances? Why were both NATO and the Warsaw Pact created? Why were both NATO and the Warsaw Pact created? How did the Soviet Union respond to attempts by Eastern European countries to leave the Warsaw Pact or establish democracy? How did the Soviet Union respond to attempts by Eastern European countries to leave the Warsaw Pact or establish democracy?

WWI & the Cold War In what ways were the conditions at the beginning of the Cold War similar to the conditions before WWI? (Think back to those long-term MAIN factors.) In what ways were the conditions at the beginning of the Cold War similar to the conditions before WWI? (Think back to those long-term MAIN factors.) Competition for land and control of other countries (Sphere of influence – imperialism)Competition for land and control of other countries (Sphere of influence – imperialism) Military alliances and wartime armies ready to fightMilitary alliances and wartime armies ready to fight Strong feelings of nationalismStrong feelings of nationalism What “spark” triggered WWI? If the world conditions during the Cold War were similar to those MAIN factors before WWI, what might happen?

AMERICA FIGHTS COMMUNISM

Truman Doctrine Harry Truman – US Pres. ( ) Harry Truman – US Pres. ( ) Doctrine: America’s foreign policy to stop the spread of communism (containment) and fight communism where it existed (roll it back) Doctrine: America’s foreign policy to stop the spread of communism (containment) and fight communism where it existed (roll it back) Led the United States to become involved in many world conflicts (ex: Korean and Vietnam Wars, Cuban Revolution) Led the United States to become involved in many world conflicts (ex: Korean and Vietnam Wars, Cuban Revolution)

Marshall Plan George Marshall – US Sec. of State under Truman (deals w/ foreign policy) George Marshall – US Sec. of State under Truman (deals w/ foreign policy) Plan: give $ assistance to struggling countries in Europe after WWII.. Plan: give $ assistance to struggling countries in Europe after WWII.. So weakened nations would not turn to communism for answers or helpSo weakened nations would not turn to communism for answers or help : US gave $13 billion in economic, agricultural and technical aid to help “free” Europe recover : US gave $13 billion in economic, agricultural and technical aid to help “free” Europe recover Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

“Red Scare” Communists/Soviets called Reds Communists/Soviets called Reds During the 1950’s, many American feared a communist takeover in US During the 1950’s, many American feared a communist takeover in US People believed that there were communist spies secretly working in American government positions People believed that there were communist spies secretly working in American government positions