CHAPTER 27 Postwar America 1946 – 1952 “I didn’t fire him because he was a dumb son of a bitch, although he was, but that’s not against the law for generals. If it was, half to three-quarters of them would be in jail.” Harry Truman, on General Douglas MacArthur “Every president should have the right to shoot two reporters a year – without explanation.” Harry Truman

Election of 1948 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Chapter Review Explain the actions of the United States on the world stage in the immediate post-war period. [Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Containment, Bretton Woods] Identify some of the problems faced by soldiers returning to civilian life. Explain the implications of the post-war baby boom on modern America. Comment on how war’s end impacted the roles of women in the workplace and in higher education. Harry S. Truman, George C. Marshall, and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Trace the rise of anticommunist rhetoric. Explain its effect on American domestic and foreign policy.

Concepts Levittown Iron Curtain General George C. Marshall, Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine [Greece] George Kennan, containment G.I. Bill Senator Joseph R. McCarthy House Un-American Activities Committee [HUAC] Alger Hiss, Richard Nixon Mao Tse-tung Korean War Taft-Hartley Act Jackie Robinson

I. Reconversion Americans face two major questions at end of WWII What will be relationship with Soviet Union? Will the economy thrive or flounder? G.I. Bill provides new opportunities for veterans to purchase homes and attend college Economy surges forward as consumer spending begins in earnest

II. Affluence and Anxiety Families place greater emphasis on children, listening to experts and agonizing over child rearing William Levitt develops new type of affordable housing for G.I.s, incidentally reinforcing traditional family values

III. The Soviet Threat Soviet expert George Kennan outlines “containment” theory of stopping communist expansion President unveils Truman Doctrine and implements it with help of Marshall Plan

IV. Liberalism in Retreat House Un-American Activities Committee searches for communists in America Taft-Hartley Act curbs power of unions and fosters racial discrimination Jackie Robinson breaks baseball’s color line Truman wins re-election in 1948 despite conservative Dixiecratic revolt

Racial Segregation, 1949

V. Trouble in Asia Communism prevails in China in 1949 under Mao Tse- tung Communist North Korean forces invade South Korea in 1950, pulling United States into new conflict

Korean War ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

VI. McCarthyism and the Election of 1952 Red Scare brings brief fame to McCarthy, though many are upset with his tactics Dwight Eisenhower runs for election against Adlai Stevenson [Walt Stiern in Bakersfield] Richard Nixon is named running mate for Eisenhower Democratic attacks against Nixon backfire, and he and Ike win election handily

Presidential Election, 1952