Post War AMERICA.

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Post War AMERICA

THE G.I. BILL Provided college for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs) Provided one year of unemployment compensation Millions of GIs bought homes, attended college, started business venture, or found jobs

THE G.I. BILL VA Mortgages paid for nearly 5 million new homes, by making homes affordable with low interest rates and 30 year loans. President Franklin Roosevelt signs the GI Bill in 1944 Between 1945 and 1954, the U.S. added 13 million new homes to its housing stock

Truman and Civil Rights One of the major acts Harry Truman made as president was in when 1948 Truman made an executive order to end segregation in the armed forces Truman also asked Congress to pass a civil rights bill that would make lynching a federal crime

ELECTION of 1948 Truman angered many Southern Democrats by supporting desegregation Many people didn’t think he would be re-elected Harry S Truman Thomas Dewey Strom Thurmond People were so sure that Truman would lose that one headline even incorrectly said that Dewey had won Historians view the Election of 1948 as the greatest election upset in American history

ELECTION of 1948 Southern Democrats leave national party in response to Truman's support for Civil Rights Strom Thurmond – South Carolina Senator, runs for president as a Dixicrat Dixicrats were Southern Democrats who backed racial segregation and limiting the voting rights of African Americans. The party was also known as the States Rights Party. Thomas Dewey, New York’s Governor, runs for the Republicans Truman appeared to lose – but appeals directly to the people, citing the “Do-nothing Republican Congress” and wins the Election

Truman’s “Fair Deal” Truman said that all Americans had the right to expect a “fair deal” from the government “The buck stops here.” -- Harry Truman What did the Fair Deal do? It increased the minimum wage Expansion of Social Security benefits National Housing Act was passed to provide funding to build low-income housing

The Taft-Hartley Act The federal law that greatly restricting the activities and power of labor unions Closed union shops illegal (Businesses could hire non-union workers) Union shop only after a vote of a majority of the employees. No more jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts. Employers have right to be exempted from bargaining with unions

Labor unions hated the Taft-Hartley Act

Eisenhower Elected President in 1952 During Eisenhower ‘s presidency America enjoyed a period of relative prosperity, Eisenhower strengthened Social Security, created the massive new Interstate Highway System and maneuvered behind the scenes to discredit the rabid anti-Communist Senator Joseph McCarthy. Popular throughout his administration, he faltered in the protection of civil rights by failing to fully enforce the Supreme Court’s mandate for the desegregation of schools in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). During his presidency, Eisenhower managed Cold War-era tensions with the Soviet Union under the looming threat of nuclear weapons, ended the war in Korea in 1953 and authorized a number of covert anti-communist operations by the CIA around the world.

Interstate Highways Built The Federal Highway Act was passed in 1956 This was the largest public works program in American history. Law called for the building of 40,000 miles of interstate Interstate roads built in Texas are I-10, I-20, I-30, I-35 and I-45

Suburbia in America During the ’50s, many people began to move into the suburbs. Suburbs are places outside the city where many white-collar workers live The New York suburb of Levittown was the first modern suburb

13 million homes built in the 1950s – 85% were suburban Suburbs = The American Dream Affordable single-family housing Good schools Friendly neighbors like themselves New highways, affordable automobiles, low gasoline prices A safe, healthy environment for children 13 million homes built in the 1950s – 85% were suburban

The Baby Boom The American birthrate exploded after World War II. From 1945 -61 more than 65 million children were born This period became known as the Baby Boom Contributing factors: The end of wars led to more young couples getting married G.I. Bill encouraged growth of families by offering generous benefits for home purchases Pop culture glorified pregnancy, parenthood and large families

Technological Breakthroughs

Jonas Salk and polio vaccine Medical advances of the 1950s: antibiotics to fight infections new drugs to fight cancer, diabetes and heart disease polio vaccine developed Jonas Salk developed the vaccine that prevented polio. Not long after, the threat of polio would almost completely disappear