A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 24 Charting A Course Section 1:Development of U.S. Foreign Policy Section 2:The Cold War Section 3:New Trends

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Chapter 24 OBJECTIVES  Why did the United States maintain a policy of isolationism in its early years, and why was it hard to follow?  What effects did the War of 1812, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Good Neighbor Policy have on U.S. international relations?  What caused the United States to enter World War I and World War II? Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Chapter 24 Reasons for Isolationism  Early years—the country was in debt and struggling to build an economy  Early leaders tried to concentrate on the country’s development and avoided foreign affairs.  Border disputes with Canada and Spain blocked expansion and threatened trade. Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Chapter 24 U.S. International Relations  War of 1812—improved relations with Great Britain, British Canada, and other foreign nations; 100-year period of isolationism followed  The Monroe Doctrine (1823)—set course of U.S. relations with Latin America and Europe; declared Americas closed to colonization Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Chapter 24 U.S. International Relations (continued)  Roosevelt Corollary (1905)—United States would police the Western Hemisphere; dollar diplomacy developed  The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)—opposed armed intervention in Latin America by the United States Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Chapter 24 The United States entered World Wars I: World War I—German submarines sank U.S. merchant ships, ending U.S. neutrality Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Chapter 24 The United States entered World Wars II:  World War II—United States became the “arsenal of democracy”  December 7, 1941—Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and shattered U.S. neutrality; U.S. declared war on Japan  Germany and Italy declared war on the United States Section 1:Development of a Foreign Policy

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Chapter 24 OBJECTIVES  What began the Cold War, and what form did the early U.S. response take?  How did the U.S. response to the Berlin blockade and the Cuban missile crisis differ?  What events marked the end of the Cold War? Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Chapter 24 The Cold War and early U.S. response:  After World War II, Russia established communist satellite nations throughout Eastern Europe and tried to increase power to eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.  The United States sees Soviet expansion as threat to national security and world peace. Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Chapter 24 The Cold War and early U.S. response: (continued)  The United States and the Soviet Union use propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and other methods against each other.  March 1947—The Truman Doctrine begins policy of containment: financial aid to keep communism from spreading. Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Chapter 24 U.S. response to the Berlin blockade and the Cuban missile crisis:  The Berlin blockade—the United States and Great Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential items to the people of western Berlin  Cuban missile crisis—the U.S. Navy and Air Force search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons; army troops are put on alert  Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis underscores the dangers of the Cold War Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Chapter 24 Marking the end of the Cold War:  1987—Gorbechev’s reforms: glasnost and perestroika give Soviet people more freedom and restructure the failing economy; détente lessens tensions with the United States  1990—Communist governments fall in six Eastern European countries.  1990—Prodemocracy candidates win local Soviet elections. Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Chapter 24 Marking the end of the Cold War: (continued)  Soviet republics rally for independence.  1991—Soviet Union ceases to exist; the Commonwealth of Independent States forms.  Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe. Section 2:The Cold War

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Chapter 24 OBJECTIVES  What new global challenges has the United States faced since the end of the Cold War?  How was the United States attacked on September 11, 2001, and who was the immediate suspect in the attacks?  How did the U.S. government respond to the terrorist attacks? Section 3:New Trends

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Chapter 24 New global challenges:  As the only superpower, the United States tries to resolve conflicts and promote stability.  Iraq—Iraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian Gulf War; Saddam Hussein remains in power and failed to keep cease-fire terms; relations with the United States remain poor  India and Pakistan—nuclear powers clash over Kashmir Section 3:New Trends

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Chapter 24 New global challenges: (continued)  China—continuing disagreements with the United States on human rights and trade issues  Africa—the spread of AIDS is a major concern  Latin America and Canada—North American Free Trade Agreement shaping relations; War on Drugs Section 3:New Trends

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Chapter 24 September 11, 2001  Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the World Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.  Thousands of people are killed in the attack.  Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda network, surfaces as the prime suspect.  The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out as key sponsor of terrorism. Section 3:New Trends

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Chapter 24 U.S. response to terrorist attacks:  President George W. Bush declares a war on terror.  President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as head of the Office of Homeland Security.  Colin Powell leads efforts to build an international coalition against terrorism.  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes its Article 5 for the first time.  October 7, 2001—The United States and Great Britain begin airstrikes in Afghanistan; ground troops follow.  Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S. foreign policy. Section 3:New Trends