Water-use data management at the USGS: information model, implementations, prospects of water- use science Presentation to OGC TC Silver Spring, MD 15 June 2010

Overview USGS roles in collection and dissemination of water information Overview of current USGS water-use activities StreamStats and water use USGS water-use databases and their structures

Acknowledgments Todd Augenstein Eric Evenson Marilee Horn Betzaida Reyes Kernell Ries Steve Tessler

Water Resources Discipline The WRD mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the Nation's water resources. We are a workforce of 3,400 people located in all States and Territories at 181 offices, working with about 1,500 State and local agency cooperators.

ADAPS  Automated Data Processing System QW  Water Quality System GWSI  Groundwater Site Inventory System SWUDS  Site Specific Water-Use Data System National Water Information System (NWIS) Sitefile ADAPSGWSIQWSWUDS

Map of real-time streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the day of the year (United States)

OGC Hydrology and Hydrogeology Interoperability Experiment Objectives – Advance design of WaterML2.0 schema – Advance fit of OGC services with gw data – Advance GW data exchange between US and Canada Specifically involved – GWSI in the GW interop experiment (IE); will involve ADAPS in the SW IE – QWDATA has been represented via the water quality data exchange standard that may inform a WaterML2.0 encoding for QW

SWUDS  Stores information on sites where water-use activities occur Connects water movement from site to site Stores measurements and estimates of water use activities Stores ancillary data such as population served, power generation, acres irrigated SWUDS Data Warehouse SWUDS Data Warehouse  Optimized for retrieval, data aggregation, and reportingOptimized for retrieval, data aggregation, and reporting AWUDS AWUDS  Data aggregated by county, hydrologic unit, and aquiferData aggregated by county, hydrologic unit, and aquifer Compiled for “Estimated Use of Water in the United States”Compiled for “Estimated Use of Water in the United States” USGS Water-Use Databases

USGS Water-Use Activities 5-Year compilations (National Water-Use Information Program)

USGS Water Use Activities WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America’s Resources for Tomorrow) –> National Water Census – With dwindling water supplies, lengthening droughts, and rising demand for water in many areas of the country, a sustainable water strategy for America’s water resources is one of my highest priorities. We must ensure stable, secure water supplies for future generations. Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior February 1, 2010

Water Use Science Vision Analyze disparate databases to improve water-use estimation. Develop regression models over a variety of landscapes. Accurately estimate consumptive use. Map interbasin transfers of water down to the HUC 8 level.

12 Water Use Science Vision (cont.) Quantify in-stream flow for ecology, navigation, and recreation. Integrate water use information with stream flow and groundwater information. Track human usage of water – source, transport, treatment, demand, consumption, collection, return flow.

Enhancing the Nation’s Water- Use Information Use New Methods to Estimate Water-Use Stratified Random Sampling Regression Models Ability to track water from point of withdrawal thru to return of flow. Develop models of water use based on land use

Discharge Pipe Main Sewer Line Water Treatment Plant Wellfield Water Tower Surface Water body Intake Dam Distribution & Sewer System Water Tower Wells and water-treatment plants Pumping Station Major users Main Supply Line Interconnection 2 ND Distribution and Sewer System Wastewater Treatment Plant Main Sewer Line River Pumping Station Withdrawal Return Flow Withdrawal Delivery Release Demand & Consumptive Use Transfer Septic Return Flow Demand & Consumptive Use Major user Schematic of human use of water

The logical basis for our water-use data schema can be thought of as a “link-node” system. (Tessler and others) SourcesDistributionDemandReturnCollection S1D1M1R1 Qd 1 C1 Qd S1 D1 M1R1 Qd 2 C1 S1 D2 M2R2C2 S1M3R3 C3 CU

BRAC Study Area MD BRAC Study area: -Cecil County -Harford County (HF) -Baltimore County -Howard County -Anne Arundel County (AA) -Montgomery County -Prince George County -Baltimore City PA MD DE VA

A Few Facts About Our Maryland BRAC Work Integrated Facility Data from Disparate Databases 575 WAP_ID Permits 198 PWSID Permits 152 NPDES_ID Permits 799 State Well_ID Permits 1001 wells, 210 intakes, 61 discharge pipes, sources Took approximately 1000 man-hours Transformed reported withdrawals from permits as far back as 1980 to withdrawal from wells (aquifers) and intakes (surface-water bodies) Domestic Demand Regression Model

Domestic Demand Model Based on over 90,000 domestic water meter readings QA/QC Associated with census blocks Computed Domestic Water Demand Coefficients by block (+)median house value of owner- occupied single family homes (-)population per housing unit (-)median year of housing construction (with 1900 as the base value) (-)housing unit density. HF AA Chesapeake Bay

Per capita Annual Water Demand Estimations

Distribution Collection

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What is StreamStats? A map-based Web application that provides information that can be used by engineers, managers, planners, and others to make informed decisions on water-related activities Primary product is streamflow statistics, such as 100-year flood, mean flow, 7-day, 10-year low flow, etc. Allows analysis of upstream/downstream relations along streams and water use

Implementation Status 21 states fully implemented 4 states partly implemented 9 states in implementation process

Water-Use Stream Stats Linkage SWUDS Water-Use Database (UNIX/ Ingres) ArcHydro Geodatabase StreamStats Output Web service request XML Water- use data sent Imported Snapshot

Components of an Ideal Water-Use Database System 1.Conveyance-based data storage in a relational database relational data meet a predetermined level of completeness and quality 2.Incorporates differing geometries for partitioning of water quantities points of use, distribution/collection areas, land applications, etc. 3.Ontology for handling naming variations 4.Detailed associations of Sites with hydrologic Resource features

6.Store related Quantities that result from the use of water Acres irrigated, kilowatts generated, population served 7.Ability to incorporate or associate with Regulatory and Permit data 8.Blue Water/Green Water Components 9.Spatial (GIS) Component & Common Languages 10.What Else? Components of an Ideal Water-Use Data System (cont.) Quantity Conveyed Acres Irrigated Bushels per Water Q Out of basin transfer

Test various water-use data model(s) Handle water-use data as described today plus other kinds that we have yet to discover and define Differing locales will undoubtedly have unique challenges Extend/Create Feature Models that are WaterML2.0 compliant to handle water-use data Populate more water-use databases for use case testing How will Australian and U.S. data needs be similar or different? Scale differences Create UI tools that help water managers access and analyze water- use data Collaborate - collaboration will be a key part of a successful step forward Can we use the OGC as a mechanism to bring interested and talented parties together on this task? Things To Do

Thanks for your time! Mark Nardi