Chapter 5: The Road to Revolution Ch. 5.3: From Protest to Rebellion (1745-1776) Ch. 5.3: From Protest to Rebellion

Unit 2 Focus Question How did the colonists break away from Britain and create a republican form of government?

Objectives: 1) Identify the causes of the Boston Tea Party 2) Explain how the colonists protested against the Intolerable Acts 3) Describe the events of April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord

Review One of the last things we discussed were the Townshend Acts ► Placed a tax on goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea ► Allowed customs officials to inspect a ship’s cargo or buildings without reason

The Tea Act ► Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts soon after the Boston Massacre (They kept only to tax on tea to show that it still had the right to tax colonists) ► The Tea Act (1773) let the British sell tea to the colonists at a very low price, but the tax on tea remained

The Tea Act brought another tax to the colonist, which further angered the patriots.  Before the Tea Act, merchants were able to buy tea from any company they chose and sell it to the colonists for a profit.  The Tea Act allowed only one company, the East India Company, to sell directly to the colonists at a lower price, which caused tea merchants to lose business.  The East India Company was a British company.  The Act was intended to have the colonists buy only British tea.  The colonists still had to pay a tax on the tea, but even with the tax the East India tea was still cheaper.  Yet the colonists were angry because felt they were no longer given a choice in where to purchase their tea.  They worried that if Parliament could control the sale of tea, it would also try to control other areas of business. In response, the Sons of Liberty organized a boycott of the East India tea and did not allow it to be distributed.  However, some of them wanted to go further and not allow the English tea ships to land at all.  Alexander McDougall, John Lamb and other members of the Sons of Liberty called a meeting on December 17, 1773 to organize this protest.  The broadside shown here is an announcement for that meeting.

The Boston Tea Party (Dec. 16, 1773)

► Merchants and anti-British leaders organized against the ► Merchants and anti-British leaders organized against the Tea Act through Committees of Correspondence ► Charleston: tea is left in damp cellars to rot ► New York/Philadelphia: ships carrying tea were turned away ► Boston: ► 3 ships loaded with tea enter the harbor ► Sons of Liberty “put on a tea party” (342 chests of tea were destroyed) (90,000 pounds of tea) ► Britain’s heavy-handed response to the Boston Tea Party would feed the fires of rebellion in the thirteen colonies

From the 1789 History of North America, this engraving by W.D. Cooper captures the moment of tea tossing in Boston

Tea from Boston Harbor

Becca Moreci’s visual aid for her project on the Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party.mpg

A Society of Patriotic Ladies Using satire in 1775 – a refusal to drink tea in North Carolina

The British Strike Back

The British Strike Back ☻ Enraged, Parliament passed four laws so harsh the colonists called them the Intolerable Acts (1774) 1) The port of Boston was closed until the colonists paid for the tea 2) Town meetings were forbidden in Massachusetts more than once a year 3) British officials accused of crimes would be tried in Britain, not Massachusetts 4) A stronger Quartering Act was passed

Look at these political cartoons Look at these political cartoons. Which one do you think is the British point of view and the Colonial point of view?

British point of view of Boston

Colonial point of view of Boston

First Continental Congress

First Continental Congress ► In response to the Intolerable Acts, delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia to protest the Intolerable Acts (all but Georgia) ► They passed a resolution supporting Massachusetts ► They would boycott all British goods and stop exports to Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed ► Each colony was urged to start a militia ► They agreed to meet again the following May

Lexington and Concord View of Concord

Lexington and Concord ► In 1775, minutemen had been training regularly in Massachusetts ► General Thomas Gage heard that the minutemen had a large store of arms in Concord ► He sent 700 troops on a surprise march to seize the weapons

► “The British are coming” ► The Sons of Liberty had been watching… ► They hung lanterns in the Old North Church in Boston

► Paul Revere’s ride notified each village

“The shot heard ‘round the world”

“The shot heard ‘round the world” ► 70 minutemen met the British at Lexington ► A shot was fired… ??? … the British move on to Concord ► At a bridge outside Concord, 300 minutemen met the British (73 British dead, 200 wounded/missing) ► The British were stunned…

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 1765 1767 1770 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 1767 1770 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act 1767 1770 1773 1774 1775

Stamp Act Congress/riots Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 1770 1773 1774 1775

Stamp Act Congress/riots Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act 1770 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts Continental Congress 1775

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts Continental Congress 1775 March to Concord

Review Events Leading to the American Revolution Date British Action Colonial Reaction 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 disobeyed and settled 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress/riots 1767 Townshend Act boycotts on British goods 1770 British troops in Boston Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts Continental Congress 1775 March to Concord armed resistance

Critical Thinking 1) Do you think that the organizers of the Boston Tea Party would have ended their protests against the British if Parliament had repealed the tax on tea? Explain. 2) (Challenging) John Adams said: “The revolution was in the minds of people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775… before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington.” What did Adams mean?

Unit 2 Focus Question How did the colonists break away from Britain and create a republican form of government?