UNIT 9 Nineteenth Century Nationalism AP European History

The dispute initiated by Protestant Britain’s takeover of Catholic Ireland in the 1700s and Britain’s continued control of Northern Ireland has caused tension and violence between the two for centuries. “The Irish Question” #1 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Prime Minister to Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont. Although he considered himself liberal, he was willing to use deception to promote national goals. Count Camillo di Cavour #2 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Enacted in 1815, these laws protected British agriculture by placing strict limits on the amount of foreign grain to be imported. They resulted in keeping basic food prices artificially high until their repeal in Corn Laws #3 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Became King of France in 1814; the conservative Congress of Vienna restored him to power. He was the brother of Louis XVI and ruled as a constitutional monarch until his death in Louis XVIII #4 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Extremely repressive laws adopted in 1819 in Prussia and the German Confederation. The decrees were meant to discourage liberal views and movements. Carlsbad Decrees #5 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Fought from 1853 – The Crimean War pitted the Ottoman Empire (backed by Britain, France, and Sardinia- Piedmont) against Russia. Russia wanted to extend into Ottoman-held territory, and Britain and France objected. Russia was defeated and all parties suffered significant casualties. Crimean War #6 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Disraeli, a great leader of Great Britain’s Conservative Party, held the office of Prime Minister in 1866 and again from He was a strong supporter of Britain’s imperialist ambitions, but also supported a policy of liberal social reforms. Benjamin Disraeli #7 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

The Czar liberator who issued a proclamation “freeing” the serfs. However, he was assassinated in Alexander II #8 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Bismarck’s political policy of doing whatever is necessary to promote the power of the state. Realpolitik #9 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Bismarck, master of Realpolitik, was chancellor of Prussia from He was devoted to the Hohenzollerns (Prussian ruling family) and the unification of Germany, which occurred in He continued to serve as Chancellor until he was fired in 1890 by William II. Otto von Bismarck #10 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

Beginning in 1845, a severe blight struck the European potato crop. In Ireland, the results were devastating and millions died, with even more immigrating to Canada and the United States. The event is also called the Potato Famine. Great Hunger / Great Famine #11 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

He became Czar of Russia in 1825 and was immediately faced with the Decembrist Revolt, which he crushed. He was a firm follower of autocracy and stressed conservative policies that forced many of Russia’s liberal intellectuals to flee. Nicholas died in Nicholas I #12 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

In 1819 British troops sought to stop a peaceful meeting at St. Peter’s Fields in Manchester. Citizens favoring more liberal government policies organized the meeting. Soldiers killed several in the unarmed crowd and hundreds were injured. The Peterloo Massacre #13 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

One of Britain’s great liberal leaders, he favored expanding political rights for British men. He served several times during the mid to late 1800s. William Gladstone #14 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

After France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the liberal National Guard rebuffed the Third Republic’s effort to disarm them and formed an independent Paris, a government called the Paris Commune. The conservative president of France, Adolphe Thiers, sent more troops to capture Paris and a bloodbath ensued. The Communards were defeated. Paris Commune #15 SHOWNEXT MARK FOR REVIEW Review

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