 Louis-Napoleon wanted an invasion › French warships were instructed to take Tourane (Central Coast of Vietnam)  Tourane captured in late 1858 along with many other parts of Vietnam

 the Vietnam king “Tu Dac” signed a treaty with the French rulers  Treaty of Saigon: › Three Vietnam provinces would go under the rule of French emperors.  Bien Hoa  Gai Dinh  Dinh Tuong

 Huge economic growth with plantation & the export of: › indigo › tea › coffee › tobacco  French put emphasis on: › Adoption of Christianity › Western style education

 A movement “Can Vuong” was formed in1885 in Vietnam to overthrow the French dominion. › The rebellion was subdued with exile of Emperor Ham Nghi.  A communist army led by Ho Chi Minh began a revolt against French rule known as the First Indochina War. Vietnamese reading the Bible Map illustrates the amount of land France had under their control

 One of France’s longest held territories overseas  Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants  Lack of political and economic status › Started demands for greater political autonomy among the Muslims  Eventually they wanted independence  Violent events occurred  Algerian War › Ended in 1962, Algeria gained complete independence

  To get information during the war, the French conducted torture to graphic to mention in this presentation  Had undergone so many struggles, that they wanted freedom from the French Empire

 When Portuguese explorers reached the Kongo Kingdom, Angola did not exist  Portuguese were interested in trade › Mostly slave trade  Portuguese helped the locals: › Christianized natives › Taught to read › Writing in Portuguese

 1951  Portuguese Colony of Angola became an oversea province of Portugal  Late 1950s  People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) › Organized strategies/action plans to fight Portuguese rule  Force Labor System affected many of the natives › Relocated natives from their homes › Had to preform brutal labor

 Angolan War of Independence: › › Guerrilla warfare against Portugal and all other groups › Three nationalist movements and a separatist movement  Signed the Alvor Agreement White Mercenaries were recruited to fight Angola

 Alvor Agreement: › Signed on January 15, 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on November 11 › Ended the war for independence  Later marked the start of a civil war  The government established by the agreement soon fell › The nationalist groups were distrustful of one another  Were not willing to share power › As a result, war broke out for power between the nationalist groups

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