Who’s in Control? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Self-Control or External Control?  Perceived Locus of Control  Internals – individual efforts make a difference  Externals- individual efforts will not impact outcome  Discussion:  Are you an internal or external?  What experiences have shaped this view?  How does your view impact your life (positively and/or negatively)?  How does culture impact perceived locus of control?

Who’s in Control?  Learned Helplessness – “Why try?, it will end up the same way anyways”  Self-efficacy – “I can do it!”  Gender – impacts self- efficacy  Discussion:  What are your reactions to the recommendations in the text for “taking control”?  Which ones might you try? Why or why not?  What impact might a passive (external control) attitude have on an individual’s life experiences? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Explanatory Styles  Optimism – “positive thinker”  Pessimism – “negative thinker”  Explanatory Style – “why things happen”  Discussion:  How would you describe your explanatory style?  How does the way we tend to view situations/others impact our relationships?  What influences our explanatory style?  Can we change or control our outlook? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Social Learning Theory  Bandura  Observational Learning – we learn through modeling what we observe of others  Discussion:  Can you think of a recent experience where you have learned through modeling?  How does our choice of relationships (romantic, friendship, professional, academic) influence our observational learning? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

What Gets Your Attention?  Novel stimuli – new to us!  Significant stimuli – “what you like”  Conflicting stimuli – Against your beliefs/values  Discussion:  How can we use information related to how we gain and maintain our attention (and that of others) as students and/or professionals?  How can we use this awareness in our personal relationships? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Learning Theory: Classical Conditioning  Pavlov  US  UR  CS  CR  Learning through associations  Discussion:  Can you think of a current example of how you’ve learned from associating one thing with another?  What are some negative aspects of classical conditioning? Positive? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning  Reinforcement – stimuli that strengthens behavior.  Positive reinforcement  Negative reinforcement  Punishment  Discussion:  Can you think of a current example of how you’ve learned through reinforcement or punishment?  What are some negative aspects of operant conditioning? Positive?  What kind of reinforcement do you use? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

A Self-Change Program A Five-Step Program: Identify behaviorIdentify behavior Observe behavior to be changedObserve behavior to be changed Set your goalSet your goal Design your programDesign your program Monitor and evaluate your programMonitor and evaluate your program  Discussion:  Take a few minutes to think of a behavior that you would like to change (procrastinating, bad habit, etc.)  Briefly write out a draft of a plan to do so following the guidelines provided in the text © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online

Just Do It!  This aspect of the program may be the most challenging!  The end result includes the satisfaction of knowing you can do it!  Discussion:  Think about how you can move from “planning” to “doing”  What are your potential roadblocks?  What are your back up plans?  Who will be a support to you? © All photo clip art copyright of Microsoft Office Online