 Simple Machines November 24 th -25 th

Goal:  I will be able to explain the relationship between mass, force and distance traveled.  I will be able to describe the difference between different simple machines.

What makes something a simple machine?  Simple machines make work easier! A simple machine has few or no moving parts.  Simple machines make work easier by changing the amount of force applied, the direction of the force or both.

What exactly is work?  Work is done when a force moves an object over a distance.  Work requires movement of an object so if you push the desk and it does not move even though you are putting in a great deal of effort and applying force no work has been done.

Graphic Organizer  We will need 7 pieces of paper  We are going to make a flip chart to record the different kinds of simple machines.

Bill Nye: simple machines levers!  Machines/zX7a7d457d065b f.htm

Levers  Rigid bars that pivot around a point  Change the direction of the force, change the ratio of the force and the distance an object move or both.

Types of Levers  First Class: the fulcrum is between the effort ( the force that is applied to the lever) and the load (the force that works against the effort) Examples include: seesaws, crowbars, and fingernail clippers

Second Class Levers  The load is placed between the fulcrum and the effort force.  The lever increases the force but does not change its direction  Examples: wheelbarrows, nutcrackers

Third Class Levers  The effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load. This is the only type of lever that always reduces the effort force instead of increasing it.  Examples: chopsticks, fishing rod, shovel, stapler, tweezers

Wheel and Axels  The wheel and axel started being used around 3300 BC.  Changes the amount of force applied to an object.  Used to steep a struck, open a valve on a water pipe, seal a submarine hatch.  The wider the wheel the less effort it takes to turn it. This also means that you will need to turn the wider wheel a greater distance to do the same amount of work.

Wheel and axel

Pulleys  A pulley is a wheel with a groove along its edge.  A single fixed pulley consists of a pulley attached to a high point, with a rope fed through the wheel groove. It is called a fixed pulley because the pulley remains in place.  Fixed Pulley: Changes the direction of the force needed to move an object, but not the amount of force needed.

Pulley System  Combine two or more pulleys together. The more ropes supporting the load the less force you need to lift the load and the more rope you need to pull through.

pulleys _LK10

Brain Pop Videos on Pulleys, wheel and axels, and levers  Levers:  Wheel and Axels: xle/  Pulleys:

Workbook Pages Pages:

Inclined Planes  Decreases the amount of force required to raise an object.  Why use an inclined plane?  By pushing the object on an angle, the force needed to oppose gravity is less.

Inclined planes XUZX8

Wedges and Screws  A wedge is a simple machine that consists of two inclined planes back to back.  A wedge changes the direction of the force.  A screw is an incline plane wrapped around a cylinder or cone. The screw changes both the direction of the force and the ratio of the force

Wedge

Screw pFb1BU&src_vid=4oPPQpF7bHY&feature= iv&annotation_id=annotation_ Car jacks are an example Light bulbs screw into lamps Toothpaste caps Jar lids

Compound machines  Tools that are made of a combination of simple machines are called compound machines.  Scissors: pair of levers with a fulcrum in the middle and the blade is a wedge.  Bicycle: pedals are levers and the sprocket is a wheel and axle

Compound machines

Workbook Pages  Pages: