BIOL 197L – Lab #7: INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY AND ANATOMY I

Which phyla did we study in class? And what genera represented these phyla?

Cnidaria Hydra sp.

Platyhelminthe Dugesia sp.

Mollusca Venus sp.

Annelida Lumbricus sp.

What phylum does this organism belong to? What genus does this organism belong to? Which life form is represented here? What is the other life form?

Cnidaria Hydra Polyp (sedentary) Medusa (free-swimming)

Other types of organisms that represent the phylum Cnidaria: Jellyfish Sea anemones Corals Hydrozoans

What symmetry do cnidarians show?

Radial symmetry

What type of body plan do cnidarians show?

Diploblasty Two germ layers: Ectoderm Endoerm

What internal space acts as the central digestive cavity?

Gastrovascular cavity Is the gastrovascular cavity a complete or an incomplete gut?

The gastrovascular cavity is an incomplete (or blind) gut

Identify:

Gastrovascular cavity

Identify:

Tentacles What are the stinging cells of the tentacles called?

Nematocysts Used to paralyze and entangle prey The tentacles push food through the mouth opening

Identify:

Mouth

How do members of the genus Hydra reproduce?

Asexually and sexually (hermaphroditic) What is the asexual method called?

Budding Note that budding occurs from the gastrovascular cavity

Identify: Tissue What germ layer is it derived from?

Epidermis Derived from ectoderm

Identify: Tissue What germ layer is it derived from?

Gastrodermis Derived from endoderm

What acellular substance joins the tissue tissues?

Mesoglea

Is this Hydra a male or female? What is the structure that produces this type of gamete called?

Male (note the multiple spermaries) Testes (spermaries)

Is this Hydra a male or female? What is the structure that produces this type of gamete called?

Female (note that only one ovary is present – as opposed to multiple spermaries in males) Ovary

Identify:

Tentacles (The outer layer)

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis The middle layer

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis Mesoglea

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis Mesoglea Flagellum

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis Mesoglea Mouth Flagellum The inner layer

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis Mesoglea Mouth Flagellum Gastrodemis

Identify: Tentacles Epidermis Mesoglea Mouth Flagellum Gastrodemis Gastrovascular Cavity

Identify:

Tentacles (Containing nematocysts)

Identify: Mouth Tentacles (Containing nematocysts)

Identify: Mouth Tentacles (Containing nematocysts) Asexual bud

What phylum does this organism belong to? What genus does this organism belong to?

Platyhelminthe Degusia sp. Free-living flatworms AKA planarians

What type of symmetry does Degusia sp. show?

Bilateral symmetry

What is the term that is used to describe the evolutionary milestone that resulted in the anterior concentration of nervous tissue, in other words the presence of a head?

Cephalization

What body type does Degusia show?

Acoelomate

Identify: Structure Purpose

Auricle (ear-like structure) Contains a variety of sensor cells, chiefly of touch and chemical detection

Identify: Structure Purpose

Eye spots Detect light

Identify: Structure Purpose

Pharynx Feeding structure

Identify:

Ventral nerve Cords

Identify: Ventral nerve Cords Pharynx

Identify: Ventral nerve Cords Pharynx Gastrovascular Cavity

Identify: Ventral nerve Cords Pharynx Gastrovascular Cavity Eyespots

Identify: Ventral nerve Cords Pharynx Gastrovascular Cavity Eyespots Ganglia

Identify: Ventral nerve Cords Pharynx Gastrovascular Cavity Eyespots Ganglia Auricles

Identify:

Pharyngeal chamber

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx Cilia

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx Cilia Lateral branch of gut

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx Cilia Lateral branch of gut Endoderm

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx Cilia Lateral branch of gut Endoderm Mesoderm

Identify: Pharyngeal chamber Pharynx Cilia Lateral branch of gut Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm

What phylum does this specimen belong to? What genera represented this phylum?

Mollusca Venus sp.

Most mollusks share what four characteristic features?

1) Foot – locomotion and 2) Visceral mass – housing of organs 3) Mantle – Secretes the shell 4) Shell – protection (CaCO3 which is made of twp parts, called valves)

What type of symmetry does Venus exhibit?

Bilateral symmetry

What body type does Venus exhibit?

Triploblastly

What type of body cavity does Venus exhibit?

Coelomate

Determine the anatomical positions:

Dorsal

Determine the anatomical positions: Dorsal PosteriorPosterior

Determine the anatomical positions: Dorsal PosteriorPosterior Ventral

Determine the anatomical positions: Dorsal PosteriorPosterior Ventral AnteriorAnterior

Identify:

Pericardium

Identify: Pericardium Posterior adductor muscle

Identify: Pericardium Posterior adductor muscle Mantle

Identify: Pericardium Posterior adductor muscle Mantle Labial palp (the mouth is located here)

Identify: Pericardium Posterior adductor muscle Mantle Labial palp (the mouth is located here) Anterior Adductor muscle

Identify: Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side. You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.

Umbo

Identify: Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side. You can see this by noting the position of the umbo. Umbo Mantle

Identify: Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side. You can see this by noting the position of the umbo. Umbo Mantle Posterior Adductor muscle

Identify: Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side. You can see this by noting the position of the umbo. Umbo Mantle Anterior Adductor muscle

Identify: Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side. You can see this by noting the position of the umbo. Umbo Mantle Anterior Adductor muscle Foot

Identify: (The green substance)

Identify: (The yellow substance) Digestive gland

Identify: Digestive gland Gonads

Identify: Digestive gland Gonads Gills

Identify: Digestive gland Gonads Visceral mass Gills

Identify: Digestive gland Gonads Gills Visceral mass Foot

Identify: Digestive gland Gonads Gills Visceral mass Foot Mantle

What phylum does this animal belong to? What genus represented this phylum?

Annelida Lumbricus sp.

What type of symmetry does Lumbrius demonstate?

Bilateral symmetry

What body type does Lumbricus show?

Triploblasty

How does Lumbricus reproduce?

What type of body cavity does Lumbricus have?

Coelomate

Sexually; Lumbricus is a hermaphroditic, and transfer sperm when mating (they do not self-fertilize)

Identify:

Prostomium

Identify: Mouth Prostomium

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore Male gonopore

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore Male gonopore Sperm groove

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore Male gonopore Sperm groove Genital chaetae

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore Male gonopore Sperm groove Genital chaetae Clitellum

Identify: Mouth Prostomium Peristomium Chaetae Seminal receptacles Female gonopore Male gonopore Sperm groove Genital chaetae Clitellum Tubercle

Identify:

Pharynx

Identify: