Athletic Medicine 1 BODY DIRECTIONS AND MOVEMENT

 When we describe body position, we assume the person is in anatomical position.  Body is upright, with the person facing forward, feet flat on the ground, arms at the side, and palms facing forward. BODY POSITIONS

 Principle regions of the body  Head  Skull  Face  Trunk  Chest  Abdomen  Pelvis  Upper limbs  Lower limbs REGIONS

 When the body is in anatomical position, it can be divided into three imaginary planes. These planes help clarify and specify movements.  Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into right and left portions.  Frontal (or coronal) Plane: Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.  Transverse Plane: Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts. BODY PLANES

 In order to locate various body structures, anatomists use specific body directional terms.  Describe the position of one body part in relation to another. DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Directional TermDefinitionExample SuperiorToward the headThe head is superior to the neck InferiorAway from the headThe belly button is inferior to the chest Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral

Directional TermDefinitionExample SuperiorToward the headThe head is superior to the neck InferiorAway from the headThe belly button is inferior to the chest AnteriorNearer to or at the front of the body The knee cap is on the anterior side of the body. PosteriorNearer to or at the back of the body The shoulder blade is on the posterior side of the body. Medial Lateral

AnteriorPosterior

Directional TermDefinitionExample SuperiorToward the headThe head is superior to the neck InferiorAway from the headThe belly button is inferior to the chest AnteriorNearer to or at the front of the body The eyes are anterior to the brain PosteriorNearer to or at the back of the body The brain is posterior to the eyes MedialNearer to the midlineThe pinky is medial to the thumb LateralFarther from the midlineThe thumb is lateral to the pinky

Directional TermDefinitionExample IpsilateralOn the same side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is ipsilateral to the right hip ContralateralOn the opposite side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is contralateral to the left hip Proximal Distal Superficial Deep

Directional TermDefinitionExample IpsilateralOn the same side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is ipsilateral to the right hip ContralateralOn the opposite side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is contralateral to the left hip ProximalNearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk The shoulder is proximal to the wrist DistalFarther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk The elbow is distal to the shoulder Superficial Deep

Directional TermDefinitionExample IpsilateralOn the same side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is ipsilateral to the right hip ContralateralOn the opposite side of the body as another structure The right shoulder is contralateral to the left hip ProximalNearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk The shoulder is proximal to the wrist DistalFarther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk The elbow is distal to the shoulder SuperficialToward or on the surface of the body The ribs are superficial to the lungs DeepAway from the surface of the body Bones are deep to the skin

QUIZ!  The knee is _______ to the hip.  The elbow is ______ to the wrist.  The navel is on the ________ side of the body.  The buttocks is on the _______ side of the body.  The nose is ________ to the mouth.  The neck is ______ to the chin.  The big toe is _______ to the little toe.  The little toe is ______ to the big toe.

 Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.  Cranial cavity: Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain.  Vertebral cavity: Formed by the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord.  Thoracic cavity: Formed by the ribs and contains the heart and lungs.  Abdominopelvic cavity: contains all other internal organs. BODY CAVITIES

1.Choose a partner. 2.Come get toothpicks (14), play-doh, a knife, and tape from me. 3.Make a person out of play-doh (they have to have a head, a trunk, two arms and two legs). Please put a face on your person. 4.Stick a toothpick in the most superior aspect of the person. 5.Make a transverse cut through the person’s navel. 6.Make a frontal cut through the person’s head. 7.Make a sagittal cut through the person’s left (your right) leg. 8.On the person’s right arms and legs, mark the most proximal and distal portions. Also, mark the medial and lateral portions. 9.Label the anterior and posterior portions of the person’s head. 10.Everything in RED needs to be toothpicked and labeled! 11.Have me come check when you’re done! PLAY-DOH LAB!

BODY MOVEMENTS

 All of these body movements take place at joints.  Four main categories:  Gliding  Angular  Rotation  Special movements BODY MOVEMENTS

MovementDescriptionType FlexionDecrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular ExtensionIncrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular Lateral FlexionAngular AbductionAngular AdductionAngular CircumductionAngular

Flexion Extension

MovementDescriptionType FlexionDecrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular ExtensionIncrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular Lateral FlexionMovement of the trunk/head in the frontal plane Angular AbductionMovement of a bone away from the midline Angular AdductionMovement of a bone toward the midline Angular CircumductionAngular

Lateral Flexion Abduction/Adduction Circumduction

MovementDescriptionType FlexionDecrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular ExtensionIncrease in the angle between articulating bones Angular Lateral FlexionMovement of the trunk/head in the frontal plane Angular AbductionMovement of a bone away from the midline Angular AdductionMovement of a bone toward the midline Angular CircumductionFlexion, abduction, extension and adduction in succession, in which the distal end of a body part moves in a circle Angular

Lateral Flexion Abduction/Adduction Circumduction

MovementDescriptionType SupinationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm anteriorly Special PronationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly Special DorsiflexionSpecial PlantarflexionSpecial InversionSpecial EversionSpecial

Supination Pronation Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

MovementDescriptionType SupinationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm anteriorly Special PronationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly Special DorsiflexionBending the foot towards the face Special PlantarflexionBending the foot towards the ground Special InversionSpecial EversionSpecial

Supination Pronation Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

MovementDescriptionType SupinationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm anteriorly Special PronationMovement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly Special DorsiflexionBending the foot towards the face Special PlantarflexionBending the foot towards the ground Special InversionMedial movement of the soles so they face each other Special EversionLateral movement of the soles so that they face away from each other Special

Inversion/Eversion

 Rotation: Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis; in limbs, it may be medial or lateral.

 Show me flexion of the elbow.  Show me flexion of the knee.  Show me extension of the elbow.  Show me extension of the knee.  Show me ABDuction of the shoulder.  Show me ADDuction of the shoulder.  Show me supination.  Show me pronation.  Show me lateral flexion of the head.  Show me Dorsiflexion.  Show me plantarflexion. STAND UP!

 Show me flexion of the hip.  Show me flexion of the shoulder.  Show me extension of the wrist.  Show me flexion of the wrist. STAND UP!

 Your assignment is to create a poster with a partner that displays the body movements.  You may choose your partner.  Your poster MUST contain:  Flexion  Extension  Lateral Flexion  Abduction  Adduction  Supination  Pronation  Dorsiflexion  Plantarflexion  Worth 100 points; MUST BE NEAT AND PRETTY BODY MOVEMENT POSTER