ECONOMIC PLANNING IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION Economic Planning is to make decision with respect to the use of resources. Economic Planning is a term used to describe the long term plans of government to co-ordinate and develop the economy. Economic planning in India was stared in 1950 is necessary for economic development and economic growth.

NEED FOR ECONOMIC PLANNING Mass Poverty And Low Per Capita Income High Rate of Growth of Population Low Level of Literacy Backward Technology Social And Economic Problem Created By Partition Of Country

OBJECTIVES OF ECONOMIC PLANNING Economic Growth. Reduction Of Economic Inequalities. Balanced Regional Development. Modernization. Reduction Of Unemployment.

Members Of Planning Commission Of India Chairman - Dr. Manmohan Singh (Prime Minister) Deputy Chairman - Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia

National DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL The National Development Council (NDC) or the Rashtriya Vikas Parishad is the apex body for decision making and deliberations on development matters in India, presided over by the Prime Minister. It was set up on August 6, 1952 to strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the Plan, to promote common economic policies in all vital spheres, and to ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country. The Council comprises the Prime Minister, the Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States or their substitutes, representatives of the Union Territories and the members of the Commissions. It is non-statutory body. Its status is advisory to Planning Commission but not binding.

FIVE YEAR PLANS The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five year plans which are developed, executed and monitored by planning commission . The tenth plan completed its terms in march 2007 and the eleventh plan in 2012 and 12th plan is currently underway First five year plan(1951-1956) Second five year plan (1956-1961) Third five year plan (1961-1966) Fourth five year plan (1969-1974) Fifth five year plan (1974-1979) Sixth five year plan (1980-1985) Seventh five year plan(1985-1990) Eighth five year plan(1992-1997) Ninth five year plan(1997-2002) Tenth five year plan (2002-2007) Eleventh five year plan (2007-2012)

First five year plan(1951-1956)- The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first five-year plan to the Parliament of India on 8 December 1951. The plan addressed, mainly, the agrarian sector, including investments in dams and irrigation. The most important feature of this phase was active role of state in all economic sectors. after independence, India was facing basic problems—deficiency of capital and low capacity to save. At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as major technical institutions.

Second five year plan(1956-61) - The second five- year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry. Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established. Coal production was increased. More railway lines were added in the north east. Atomic energy was also formed in second five year plan. The total amount allocated under the second five year plan in India was Rs. 4,800 crore. This amount was allocated among various sectors: Mining and industry Community and agriculture development Power and irrigation Communications and transport

Third five year plan(1961-66) -The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of wheat, it is also shifted the focus towards the Defense industry. Many primary schools were started in rural areas. Panchayat elections were started. State electricity boards and state secondary education boards were formed. Fourth five year plan(1969-74) - At this time Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister. The Indira Gandhi government nationalized 14 major Indian banks and the Green Revolution in India advanced agriculture.

Fifth five year plan(1974-79) - Stress was laid on employment, poverty, alleviation, and justice. The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural production and defense. The Indian national highway system was introduced for the first time. Sixth five year plan(1980-85) - The sixth plan also marked the beginning of economic liberalization. This led to an increase in food prices and an increase in the cost of living. Family planning was also expanded in order to prevent overpopulation.

Seventh five year plan(1985-90) -The Seventh Plan marked the comeback of the Congress Party to power. The main objectives of the 7th five year plans were to establish growth in areas of increasing economic productivity, production of food grains, and generating employment opportunities. The thrust areas of the 7th Five year plan have been enlisted below: Social Justice Using modern technology Agricultural development Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers Making India an Independent Economy

Eighth five year plan(1992-97) -Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans. It was the beginning of privatization and liberalization in India. Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan. India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1 January 1995. The major objectives included, controlling population growth, poverty reduction, employment generation, strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional building, tourism management, Human Resource development, Involvement of Panchayat raj, Nagar Palikas, N.G.O'S and Decentralization and people's participation.

Tenth five year plan(2002-07) - Ninth five year plan(1997-2002) -The main objectives of the Ninth Five Year Plan of India are: to develop the rural & agricultural sector to generate employment opportunities and promote poverty reduction. to provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport, energy. Tenth five year plan(2002-07) - Attain 8% GDP growth per year. Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007. Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labor force Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50%.

11th Five Year Plan Target Income & Poverty Accelerate growth rate of GDP from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17. Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year. Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%. Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 percent.

EDUCATION Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12. Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85%. Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points.

WOMEN AND CHILDREN Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all government schemes are women and girl children. Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work.

ENVIRONMENT Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12. Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters. Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.

12th Five year plan The Union Cabinet on 4 October 2012 approved the 12th five-year plan with its aim to renew Indian economy and use the funds from government in improving the facilities of education, sanitation and health. T his plan has seen a three-fold increase in the budget constraints when compared to that of the 11th five-year plan. The plan would infuse a huge fund of 47.7 lakh crore rupees and this will help to accomplish the economic growth to an average level of 8.2 percent. 12th five-year plan is guided by the policy guidelines and principles to revive the following Indian economy, which registered a growth rate of meager 5.5 percent in the first quarter of the financial year 2012-13. The plan aims towards the betterment of the infrastructural projects of the nation avoiding all types of bottlenecks. The document presented by the planning commission is aimed to attract private investments of up to US$1 trillion in the infrastructural growth in the 12th five-year plan, which will also ensure a reduction in subsidy burden of the government to 1.5 percent from 2 percent of the GDP (gross domestic product). The UID (Unique Identification Number) will act as a platform for cash transfer of the subsidies in the plan.

Five year plans in India with their objectives First five-year plan- (1951-1956) – The plan aimed at development of the agricultural sector including irrigation system and dams. Second five-year plan- (1956-1961) - The second plan aimed towards the heavy industry, mainly in the Public Sector. Third five-year plan- (1961–1966) – This was the plan that saw many ups and downs and change in the focus, affected by wars and drought. At first the plan aimed at agriculture and wheat production, but the 1962 war with China shifted the projection of aim towards stabilizing the defence industry and strengthening it. This war was followed with Pakistan war in 1965. Further, the drought of 1965 shifted the attention of the plan from defence industry to price stabilization that occurred due to heavy inflation. The decided growth target for this plan was 5.6 percent and the growth witnessed was 2.4 percent. Fourth five-year plan- (1969–1974) – This plan aimed towards green-revolution and nationalization of 14 banks in India. Fifth five-year plan- (1974–1979) – The plan aimed at poverty alleviation, employment and justice along with self-reliability on defence and agriculture. Morarji Desai Government rejected the plan in 1978. Sixth five-year plan- (1980–1985) – Economic liberalization and price control was the aim of this plan. Seventh five-year plan- (1985–1990) – Aim of this plan was directed towards increase in productivity in all types of industries to generate more employment. Eighth five-year plan- (1992–1997) – The nation in this phase suffered from a great economic instability and thus the plan aimed at privatisation and liberalisation. Ninth five-year plan- (1997–2002) – High-speed industrialisation, along with human development, poverty decline, complete employment and self-sufficiency in cases of domestic resources. Tenth five-year plan- (2002–2007) – This plan aimed at poverty reduction by 5 percent and attain a growth rate of 8 percent in GDP. Eleventh five-year plan- (2007–2012) – The eleventh plan was based on different objectives that includes education, income and poverty, women and children, infrastructure, health and safeguarding the environment.

CONCLUSION Economic Planning help in mobilizing and allocating the resources in desired manner. Objective of economic planning is to reduce inequality, economic growth, balanced regional growth, modernization. Each five year plan aims at achieving certain target.Five year plan constitute the steps toward the fulfillment of objectives of economic planning.

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