Understanding Intercultural Communication Second Edition Chapter 4 What are the Keys to Understanding Cultural & Ethnic Identities? Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig

TODAY’S MENU I. Family and Gender Socialization II. Group Membership: Intercultural Boundary Crossing III. Group Affiliation and Identity Formation IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables

An Application Exercise Who Am I? and Who Are YOU?

I. Family and Gender Socialization Identity: reflective self-conception or self-image that we derive from family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization processes. “Social identities” cultural, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, social class, age, disability, or professional identity. “Personal identities” unique attributes we associate with our individuated self in comparison with others.

I. Family and Gender Socialization A. Families Come in Different Shapes 1. Types of families: diverse types 2. Two family types: personal and positional B. Gender Socialization and Interaction Patterns 1. Gender identity: Meanings and interpretations concerning gender images 2. Expectations concerning “femaleness” and “maleness” in our socialization process

II. Group Membership: Intercultural Boundary Crossing A. The Process of Acculturation & Enculturation Acculturation: incremental identity-related change process of immigrants and refugees in a new environment from a long-term perspective. Enculturation: sustained, primary socialization process of individuals in their original home culture wherein they have internalized their cultural values.

II. Group Membership: Intercultural Boundary Crossing B. Systems-level Factors C. Individual-level Factors D. Interpersonal F2F and Network-Level Factors E. Mass Media–Level Factors

III. Group Affiliation and Identity Formation A. Cultural Identity Conceptualizations Cultural identity Cultural identity salience B. Ethnic Identity Conceptualizations Ethnic identity Ethnic value content Ethnic identity salience Click here to find out about the origin of the Hapa identity. Hapa” identity video link is as follows: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9IufILKWUQ

IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process A. Cultural–Ethnic Identity Typological Model 1. Ethnic-oriented identity or traditional option: Identifies strongly with ethnic traditions and values, identifies weakly with dominant culture’s values. 2. Assimilated identity: Identifies weakly with ethnic traditions and values; identifies strongly with larger culture’s values, norms. 3. Bicultural identity or integrative option: Identifies strongly with ethnic traditions and also with the values and practices of larger society. 4. Marginal identity state: Disconnected ties with both ethnic group and larger society, often experiences alienation, invisibility.

IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process A. Cultural–Ethnic Identity Typological Model

IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process B. Racial–Ethnic Identity Development Model

IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process my.blogs 4.2 and 4.3 Assess your Cultural Identity and Marginal Identity on p. 78 Assess your Ethnic Identity and Bicultural Identity on p. 80

IV. Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process C. Multiracial and Biracial Identity Social identity complexity theory a. Intersection: Compound identity with 2 (or more) social membership categories cross to form a single, claimed identity. b. Dominance: Individual adopts one major social identity. c. Compartmentalization: Shifting of social identity category serving as basis of identification based on context or situation. d. Merger: Deep awareness of the complex multifaceted spheres of identity memberships and the importance of multiple ingroups.

V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables A. Practice Mindful Listening Thoughtful attention to both verbal and nonverbal messages. Check responsively for accuracy. Involves a consciously competent shift of perspective. (How do things look from the other’s identity perspective?) B. Practice Identity Validation Skills Use verbal and nonverbal confirming messages. Recognize group- and person-based identities. Validate other people’s experiences as real.

Parting Thoughts. . . He who knows others is learned; He who knows himself is wise. ~ Lao Tzu