A Very Short History of Bar Code Which may or may not apply to RFID.

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Presentation transcript:

A Very Short History of Bar Code Which may or may not apply to RFID

Bar Code in the Stone Age

Railcar Bar Code to 1975

Saw Many Intra-Company Applications

Joe Woodland – 1949 patent

April 1973 – UPC Standard Adopted (US & Canada)

Obstacles – Chicken & Egg Return on investment for the retailer required source marking by the manufacturer It took 4.6 years for manufacturers to provide UPC symbols on 75% of pre- packaged items sold in supermarkets

Obstacles – Item Price Marking Controversy over the removal of price stickers on individual items Retail unions & consumer advocates Unfavorable publicity about price errors at the point of sale State and local legislation required item price marking

Obstacles - Superstition A Satanic plot This was a real book! Analogous to RFID privacy concerns

Obstacles – Patent Litigation Bilgutay vs. Uniform Code Council Lawsuits between scanner manufacturers Lemelson vs. end user companies $1,500,000,000 collected in license fees Symbol Technologies & others filed suit against Lemelson Federal court declares Lemelson claims invalid and unenforceable

Number of scanning stores in the US & Canada

Positive publicity Fortune MagazineWall Street Journal

Positive publicity Fortune Magazine

Bar Code humor confirmed broad acceptance

Other Significant Bar Code Mandates 1983/4 US DOD US Automobile Industry These mandates together with UPC and EAN sharply accelerated market growth.

Subsequent Progress Bar code replaced OCR in fashion retail International Symbology Standards Verification developed & standardized 2 dimensional bar codes Ultimately bar code spread world wide to every facet of retail, distribution, and manufacturing

RFID – my opinion RFID will take root and flourish, not by replacing bar code, but by solving those problems wherein it provides the superior solution.