History of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lecture 1.1

The First Point-Contact Transistor 1947 Bell Labs Museum

The First Junction Transistor 1951 Bell Labs Lab model M1752 Outside the Lab

Texas Instrument’s First IC Jack Kilby Robert Noyce Fairchild Intel

Electronics, Volume 38, Number 8, April 19, 1965

Graphical illustration of Moore’s law Leading edge chip in ,000 transistors Leading edge chip in ,000,000 transistors Something that doubles frequently grows more quickly than most people realize! –A 2002 chip can hold about 15, chips inside itself

This year’s transistors are just twice the size of a virus Nick Tredennick Gilder Technology Report

Intel 4004 source: Computer Museum

January 1975 cover of Popular Electronics

The 8080 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Intel in Address Lines –Can address 2 16 = 64 Kbytes of memory 8 Data Lines Required +5V, +12V and -5V First microprocessor to become widely used

The 8080 Microprocessor PSW A C E L B D H SP PC Program Status Word Primary Accumulator Secondary Accumlators/ Data Counters Stack Pointer Program Counter

The 6800 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Motorola in address lines and 8 data lines Used only +5V

The 6800 Microprocessor Registers A B X PC SP CC Accumulator A Accumulator B Index register X Program counter Stack pointer Condition code register

1978 – Industrial Holographics

The 6502 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by MOS Technology, Inc. in address lines and 8 data lines Based on the Motorola 6800 Used in many home computers including the –Apple II –Commodore PET –Atari

The 6502 Microprocessor Registers A X Y PC SP Status Accumulator Index register X Index register Y Program counter Stack pointer Status register

The 6809 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Motorola in address lines and 8 data lines Used in the Radio Shack Color Computer Widely used in industrial controllers

Radio Shack Color Computer used 6809 microprocessor

The 6809 Microprocessor Registers AB Y S U DP Accumulator A:B = D Index register X Index register Y System stack pointer User stack pointer Program counter Direct page register Condition code register X CC PC

The Microprocessor 64-pin chip Developed by Motorola in address lines –Can address 2 24 = 16 Mbytes of memory 16 data lines Used in the original Macintosh Computer

Original Macintosh Computer used microprocessor

The MicroprocessorRegisters D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Data Registers A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A7’ Address Registers Program Counter Status/CCR

1981IBM PC, uses Intel Motorola Motorola Intel MHz, 130,000 transistors 1984Motorola Bit address and data busses Integrated Microcontroller 1985Motorola 68HC Motorola MHz 1986Intel MHz, 275,000 transistors 1987Motorola Motorola MHz 1989Intel MHz, 1,000,000 transistors 1990Intel MHz 1992Intel Pentium4,000,000 Transistors 1997Motorola 68HC12Enhanced 68HC11

1985 – Motorola introduces the 68HC11 microcontroller

Motorola introduces the 68HC12 (in 1997) and the HCS12 (in 2002) Additional PWM and CAN interfaces

The 68HC12(11) Registers

Develops WHYP – a subroutine-threaded Forth for the 68HC12

Chuck Moore, the inventor of Forth, reading Haskell’s WHYP book

Learning By Example Using C -- Programming the HCS12 Microcontroller Using CodeWarrior Richard E. Haskell Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan Copyright All rights reserved

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