1 Intel Microprocessors The history of Intel’s microprocessors (From the 4004 to the Pentium Pro) David Lenhardt Bryan Payne Marcus O’Malley Jonathan Taylor

2 Introduction Brief history of the microprocessor Main features of various microprocessors Processors mentioned: 4004, 8008, 8080, 8085, 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro

3 4-bit Microprocessor Busicom requested 12 calculator chips Marcian Hoff’s chip idea Federico Faggin’s 4000 chip set (4004 Specifications) 4-bits processed at a time 12-bit addresses

4 8-bit Microprocessors 8008 Processed 8-bits at a time 14-bit addresses First to include an interrupt line 8080 & bit addresses Backwards compatible

5 16-bit and 8-bit Microprocessors 8086 (16-bit) & 8088 (8-bit) 20-bit addresses Two processors which consisted of: Bus Interface Unit and Execution Unit Segmented Memory

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8 Processor Comparison Attributes Date Transistors2,3003,3004,50029,000134,000 Word Size4-bit8-bit 16-bit Address Size12-bit14-bit16-bit20-bit24-bit Addressable Memory 4 KB16 KB64 KB1 MB16 MB Instructions Max Frequency KHz800 KHz2 MHz10 MHz12 MHz

Two modes –8086 Real Address Mode –Protected Virtual Address Mode Protected Virtual Address Mode –More address space –Multi-user protection Dedicated 286; task –Virtual memory Interrupt handler

vs Attributes Date Transistors134,000275,000 Word Size16-bit32-bit Address Size24-bit32-bit Addressable Memory16 MB4 GB Max Frequency12 MHz33 MHz Virtual Memory1 GB4 GB

11 Introduction to Increased speed (2 x 80386) with an internal math coprocessor Upgradeable (Compatibility) Utilize new technology (RISC, cache)

Processor Segmentation and Paging Real Mode vs. Protected Mode

Specifications Attributes80486 Date1981 Transistors1, 185, 000 Word Size16-bit Address Size32-bit MIPS26.9 Cache8 KB

14 Intel Pentium Released in /66 MHz Bus Speed Two Instruction Pipeline Floating Point Calculation Floating Point Bug

15 Intel Pentium Pro Super pipelining Integrated Level 2 Cache 32-Bit Optimization Wider Address Bus Greater Multiprocessing Out of Order Completion Speculative Execution

16 Intel Pentium Pro Intel Pentium Pro, Technical Data ProcessorClock SpeedBus Speed Clock Multiplier P Pro MHz66 MHz2.5x P Pro MHz60 MHz3x P Pro MHz66 MHz3x

17 Summary 4004 – Pentium Pro Major Features Virtual Memory Bus Pipeline Cache Reusability Segmented Memory

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