EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

OVERVIEW What is Embedded System? Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers Applications of Embedded systems. Microcontrollers from different vendors. Development requirement. Demo for a circuit design using microcontroller and simulator. Discussion. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

What is Embedded system Embedded Systems Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller Microcontroller (MCU) An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip Microprocessor (MPU) Memory I/O (Input/Output) ports IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Embedded System General Block Diagram sensor actuator Microcontroller (uC) Sensor conditioning sensor Output interfaces indicator sensor IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microprocessors Vs Microcontrollers IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microprocessor Microcontroller General purpose computer. System oriented computer. Single chip computer. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microprocessor-Based Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept CONTROL ADDRESS DATA CPU contains CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers BOOT ROM Used at startup Instruction (program) ROM Transducers Keyboard Screen UART Parallel interface etc Data RAM Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Issues with external devices Many pins Mechanical failure rates increased Design time increased – routing issues Cost increased, board size increased Continually redesigning same thing Compatibility between parts Upgrade part Many similar options between different projects In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility” IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microcontrollers IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Block Diagram IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS ELEC 330

MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept ADDRESS DATA CPU contains CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers BOOT ROM Used at startup Instruction (program) ROM Transducers UART Parallel interface Etc Data RAM Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

MCU-Based Time and Temperature System IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

MCU-Based Systems Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip Buses are generally not available to a system designer I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR Pin count down Design time down, Board layout size down Upgrade path easier – matching between peripherals for speed Cost down – bulk purchases Reliability up Common software / hardware design environment available from manufacturer IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Applications of Embedded Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Why Important? Embedded Inside: Billions of units Automotive systems Airplanes Toys Medical Devices Furniture Billions of units IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Examples: Car Door IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Embedded Applications Networking, intelligent control IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

ANTI-LOCK BRAKES Master Cylinder Assembly Pressure Valve Speed Sensor Dump/Vent Valve Anti Lock Anti-Lock Brake Module 12 V IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Examples: Refrigerator IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Sensing and actuation devices in embedded applications IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Embedded Applications Signal sensing/data acquisition – data processing & data storing – actuation – data communication (networking) IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Examples: Electronic Ping-pong IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Embedded Applications Networking IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Embedded Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Real Time Control Must be able to respond predictably and in a known amount of time Environment cannot wait for microcontroller to respond. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

What is Real Time? “A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred.” - Donald Gillies IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

What is Real Time? “Real time in operating systems: The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time.” - POSIX Standard 1003.1 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Hard vs. Soft Real Time Hard Soft guaranteed worst-case response times absolutely, positively, first time every time Soft Kinda, sorta, usually IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Who are the Embedded OS players? Wind River Systems VxWorks pSOS QNX Software Systems QNX Green Hills Software Integrity IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Who are the Embedded OS players? Mentor Graphics VRTX Palm Computing PalmOS Symbian SymbianOS IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microsoft Embedded NT/XP Windows CE (CE.NET) Pocket PC 2002 “Real-time” control Windows CE (CE.NET) Internet devices Pocket PC 2002 Handheld PC’s and PDA’s IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Common Microcontrollers Atmel ARM Intel 8-bit 8XC42 MCS48 MCS51 8xC251 16-bit MCS96 MXS296 National Semiconductor COP8 Microchip 12-bit instruction PIC 14-bit instruction PIC PIC16F84 16-bit instruction PIC NEC Motorola 8-bit 68HC05 68HC08 68HC11 16-bit 68HC12 68HC16 32-bit 683xx Texas Instruments TMS370 MSP430 Zilog Z8 Z86E02 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

What you need PIC C/ASM Compiler PIC Programmer MPLAB IDE Free http://www.ccsinfo.com/ http://www.microchip.com IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

What is the Process ? Write you program Compile your program MPLAB C or ASM Compile your program CCS PCM Transfer your program Puts HEX file into the PIC Use PICSTART and MPLAB “Burns your app into the PIC” Insert your PIC Face pin 1 to resistor Power it Up Connect 9V Battery Debug your program Never works a the first time Repeat step 1 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Summary An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function. The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications. Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals. Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS