Evaluation of a Prototype Spillway Transceiver Gordon Axel, Dr. Sandy Downing, Bruce Jonasson, and Gabriel Brooks Northwest Fisheries Science Center Fish Ecology Division NWFSC

Background Under an active spill regime, more fish bypass the dams via spillways than through the collection and monitoring facilities Under an active spill regime, more fish bypass the dams via spillways than through the collection and monitoring facilities Based on PIT tag data from adult salmonids returning to Lower Granite Dam, NOAA Fisheries estimates that only 25-35% of the salmonids passing the Snake River dams are currently detected at the collection and monitoring facilities (Faulkner et al. 2013) Based on PIT tag data from adult salmonids returning to Lower Granite Dam, NOAA Fisheries estimates that only 25-35% of the salmonids passing the Snake River dams are currently detected at the collection and monitoring facilities (Faulkner et al. 2013)

Background With funding from BPA, NOAA Fisheries contracted Destron Fearing to develop PIT-tag systems for unmodified and modified spillbays With funding from BPA, NOAA Fisheries contracted Destron Fearing to develop PIT-tag systems for unmodified and modified spillbays Destron Fearing provided the first ogee- type transceiver to test in 2011 Destron Fearing provided the first ogee- type transceiver to test in 2011 Tests compared existing transceivers at the Bonneville Dam corner collector site with the new transceiver Tests compared existing transceivers at the Bonneville Dam corner collector site with the new transceiver

The corner-collector PIT-tag system is unique in many ways: 1)it has the largest antenna in the basin 2)it has only one antenna instead of multiple antennas 3)it has a specialized transceiver designed specifically for this site

Background Fish tests in 2007, 2009, and 2011 to evaluate new PIT tag models Fish tests in 2007, 2009, and 2011 to evaluate new PIT tag models 2011 we evaluated the prototype ogee transceiver (FS3001) that could detect normal ISO FDX-B tags that are detected in 32 msec as well as tags that can be read in 16 msec 2011 we evaluated the prototype ogee transceiver (FS3001) that could detect normal ISO FDX-B tags that are detected in 32 msec as well as tags that can be read in 16 msec

BackgroundTelegrams: Full telegram (128 bits) Half telegram (64 bits) (64 bits)Header1110 Message6432 Data Data Country/Manuf. Country/Manuf Reserved Reserved Animal/no Animal Animal/no Animal 1 0 Trailer Data Trailer Data 1 0 CRC1616 Trailer240 Stuffing136 Total bits: 12864

Fish tests

2011 Results TestDetectedReleased % Detected 12mm (BCC) mm (Ogee) mm (BCC) mm (Ogee) msec-12mm (Ogee)

Background In July 2011, Destron Fearing was bought by Allflex Corporation In July 2011, Destron Fearing was bought by Allflex Corporation Allflex put Biomark in charge of all the fisheries work – tags, transceivers, and development work Allflex put Biomark in charge of all the fisheries work – tags, transceivers, and development work Due to the changeover and decision to move installation of the spillway detection system to Lower Granite, development was put on hold Due to the changeover and decision to move installation of the spillway detection system to Lower Granite, development was put on hold

Background Upgraded transceivers were tested at Bonneville in 2013, but results were not consistent Upgraded transceivers were tested at Bonneville in 2013, but results were not consistent Biomark’s engineers went back to the lab and came back in 2014 with significant changes to the ogee transceiver Biomark’s engineers went back to the lab and came back in 2014 with significant changes to the ogee transceiver PSMFC testing in Kennewick was conducted and live fish tests at Bonneville occurred in May PSMFC testing in Kennewick was conducted and live fish tests at Bonneville occurred in May Additional testing occurred at Pasco in June Additional testing occurred at Pasco in June

Transceiver modifications Biomark modified the layout of the Microprocessor Control Unit (MCU), power supply, receiver, driver, filters, tuning, and terminal board Biomark modified the layout of the Microprocessor Control Unit (MCU), power supply, receiver, driver, filters, tuning, and terminal board The exciter circuit had slight optimizations implemented and the exciter filters were modified and combined into one module The exciter circuit had slight optimizations implemented and the exciter filters were modified and combined into one module The CPU module remained mostly unchanged except for the new phase measurement circuitry The CPU module remained mostly unchanged except for the new phase measurement circuitry Multiple changes were made to the FS3001 firmware, with the most significant changes made to the tuning algorithm Multiple changes were made to the FS3001 firmware, with the most significant changes made to the tuning algorithm

Fish tests

TestDetectedReleased % Detected 32msec-12mm (20A) msec-9mm (20A) msec-12mm (23A) msec-9mm (23A) msec-12mm msec-9mm Results

2014 Testing at Pasco Field testing continued at Pasco in June Field testing continued at Pasco in June

2014 Results Achieved a maximum read range of a 54” with the half-telegram tag and 52” with the standard telegram in the dry Achieved a maximum read range of a 54” with the half-telegram tag and 52” with the standard telegram in the dry Submerged testing yielded : Submerged testing yielded : – A standard tag was detected effectively while traveling at approximately 60 fps and 24” above the antenna – A half-telegram tag was detected effectively while traveling at approximately 60 fps and 36” above the antenna.

Transceiver modifications implement an exciter module capable of operation at levels from VDC implement an exciter module capable of operation at levels from VDC incorporate MCU for measuring antenna current, phase and exciter voltage and performing Auto-tuner control incorporate MCU for measuring antenna current, phase and exciter voltage and performing Auto-tuner control modified firmware for the FS3001 that will include the implementation of over-current and over-voltage protection modified firmware for the FS3001 that will include the implementation of over-current and over-voltage protection designing around 150' cables to allow installation at other locations designing around 150' cables to allow installation at other locations

Summary The half telegram tag provides better detectability where EM noise is present or flow velocity is higher The half telegram tag provides better detectability where EM noise is present or flow velocity is higher Transceiver development to be completed in March 2015 with acceptance testing occurring at the end of March Transceiver development to be completed in March 2015 with acceptance testing occurring at the end of March Further antenna development will begin once the transceiver is completed Further antenna development will begin once the transceiver is completed Installation and fish tests at Lower Granite anticipated for 2017 outmigration Installation and fish tests at Lower Granite anticipated for 2017 outmigration