“Smart” IDS Interfaces and Cooperative Systems September, 2004 Nicholas Ward Mick Rakauskas Janet Creaser HumanFIRST Program

Tenets First, do no harm Compliance probably improve state Ignorance does not change risk Support system; driver is responsible Driver stopped Compliance good, complacency bad Prohibitive rather than permissive Protect liability No interference with mainline Maintain capacity Indirect awareness a bonus Do not over-fit to case site Generalizable solution Out of box solution driven by problem Provide new (intuitive) toolkit

Process Task Analysis Display FrameworkExperiment DesignBoundary Factors Problem Definition

Alert Driver must gather information, decide on safety condition, and choose action. Inform Driver must decide on safety condition, and choose action. Warn Driver must choose action. Advise Driver must choose to comply. Low BeaconSpeedo VMS High SplitSplit, IconIconSplitSplit, IconIcon Information Function: Display Framework IntersectionVehicleParametersGapSafeLocation Information Hierarchy:

Experiment Design Young, old groups Benefit old group No harm to young group Straight crossing maneuver Most crashes far side, straight Day, night conditions* Ecological (Corridor has high night risk) Usability under suboptimal conditions No instruction for sign meaning or purpose What is intuitive meaning of proposed signs? Traffic orchestrated to accommodate one and two-stage maneuvers What are population strategies?

Demonstration

Boundary Factors Threshold based on “accepted” gap Is this the same as a “safe” gap? Threshold biased toward old drivers How impact non-target groups? How individualize model? Thresholds based on straight crossing How recognize and apply intent? How modify if not stopped Threshold based on one- stage How detect and apply strategy? Scripted traffic (smooth pattern) How add “inertia” to display states? No Training If training (non-standard signs), how implement?

Roadside Solution Project Integration Problem Definition Task Analysis Design Framework Concept Study Design Features Implementation Deployable System Verification Study Testable System Validation Study Operational System Field Operation Test Roadside Cooperative Solution Implementation Deployable System Verification Study Testable System Validation Study Operational System Field Operation Test

Real World Data Integration