THE WEST Indian Policy Settling the West Farmers Turner’s Frontier Thesis.

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THE WEST Indian Policy Settling the West Farmers Turner’s Frontier Thesis

Native Americans Indian Culture and History Indian Culture and History Tribal preservation or integration? Tribal preservation or integration? Great Sioux War of Great Sioux War of –Gold miners build the Bozeman Trail Indian Peace Commission: “civilize,” Indian Peace Commission: “civilize,” –Black Hills and Oklahoma reservations –Buffalo Soldiers, Battle of Little Bighorn Dawes Act: Land distribution of 160 acres Dawes Act: Land distribution of 160 acres Buffalo Slaughter Buffalo Slaughter Opening of Oklahoma 1889 Opening of Oklahoma 1889 Return to the reservation system 1934 Return to the reservation system 1934

Red Cloud: Sioux Chief

Deerskin Shirt

Battle of Little Bighorn

Sitting Bull w/ Buffalo Bill

SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST Why did they “Go West?” Why did they “Go West?” To own land, farm, mine, ranch, business, To own land, farm, mine, ranch, business, –Escape cities, health, religious freedom 1849 Gold Rush: $200 m in 4 years, 1849 Gold Rush: $200 m in 4 years, –200,000 go to CA, mining, the Or. & CA Trail Land Grants: Homestead Act of 1862 Land Grants: Homestead Act of 1862 –160 acres for $10, Railroads Wild West: territorial governments Wild West: territorial governments Immigration: Exclusion Act of 1882 Immigration: Exclusion Act of 1882

Covered Wagon: 4 to 6 months, walking 15 hours a day.

Panning for Gold

Goldhill, Nevada

Farming and Ranching Cattle Bonanza: The vaqueros Cattle Bonanza: The vaqueros –The cattle drive, Abilene, end of era –Refrigerated Rail Cars, Barbed wire Farming on the Plains: m. farms, Farming on the Plains: m. farms, – m., Difficult, Surpluses, % farmers. The Grange: started as social org, The Grange: started as social org, –Political active: cooperatives, grain elevators, –Warehouses, insurance. Root of Alliance & Populists Mechanization: reapers, plows, 900 companies Mechanization: reapers, plows, 900 companies

Cattle drive

The Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893 Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893 –Frontier closes in 1890 What effect did the frontier have on American culture and society? Why are we different from Europe? What effect did the frontier have on American culture and society? Why are we different from Europe? Culture: Hard working, individualistic, self- reliant, democratic, classless, inventive, violent, fiercely protective of private property. Culture: Hard working, individualistic, self- reliant, democratic, classless, inventive, violent, fiercely protective of private property.