Timeline of American Literature

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Presentation transcript:

Timeline of American Literature

Puritanism 1600-1800 Narratives that looked inward and expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives Private letters, diaries, essays, histories, sermons

Puritanism Sought to “purify” the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament Saw religion as a personal, inner experience Believed in original sin and “elect” who would be saved Used a plain style of writing

Puritanism Historical Events of Importance First “American” colonies established Salem Witch Trials

Age of Reason / Persuasion 1750-1800 Rise of political/public writing Mostly comprised of philosophers and scientists Documents, almanacs, pamphlets, speeches Valued reason over faith Assumed people were good, not evil

Age of Reason / Persuasion Focus on persuasive writing Intended to convince citizens to join revolutionary causes Most writing was political Responses to the strained relationship with Great Britain and trying to break free to form a new government

Age of Reason / Persuasion Historical Events of Importance The Revolutionary War The Constitution The Bill of Rights The Declaration of Independence

Romanticism 1800-1860 SHIFTS From faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings, and imagination From interest in urban society to an interest in the rural and natural From public, impersonal poetry to subjective poetry From concern with the scientific and mundane to interest in the mysterious and finite

Romanticism Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, the individual, and the imagination Dark Romantics: Interested in the Medieval past, the supernatural, the mystical, the “gothic,” and the exotic

Romanticism Historical Events of Importance Industrialization War of 1812 California Gold Rush

Transcendentalism 1840-1860 Developed as a protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University Core beliefs: Inherent goodness of people Inherent goodness of nature

Transcendentalism The soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains Transcendentalists believe that society and its institutions (organized religion, political parties) ultimately corrupt the purity of the individual.

Transcendentalism People are at their best when they are truly self-reliant and independent Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to tradition Had their own Club! The Transcendental Club Published their own journal “The Dial”

Transcendentalism Historical Events of Importance The Abolitionist Movement The Utopian Movement The Women’s Suffrage Movement

Realism/Naturalism 1850-1900 Feelings of disillusionment Common subjects: Slums of rapidly growing cities Factories replacing farmlands Poor factory workers Corrupt politicians

Realism/Naturalism Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible Regionalism Sought to explain behavior Psychologically Socially

Realism/Naturalism Historical Events of Importance The Civil War Reconstruction

Modernism 1900-1950 Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the “American Dream” The independent, self reliant individual will triumph

Modernism Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional Interest in the inner workings of the human mind Ex: Stream of Consciousness

Modernism Historical Events of Importance World War I The Great Depression World War II

Harlem Renaissance 1920-1940 AKA: “The Jazz Age” and “The Roaring 20s” Black Cultural Movement in Harlem, New York

Harlem Renaissance Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz Lyrics from the blues Diction from the street talk of the ghettos Other poetry used conventional lyrics

Harlem Renaissance Historical Events of Importance “The New Negro Movement” Prohibition

Contemporary 1950-present AKA: Post-modernism Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates and copies itself

Contemporary New literary forms and techniques: Works composed of only dialogue Combining fiction and non-fiction Authors experimenting with the physical appearance of their work

Contemporary Historical Events of Importance Korean War Vietnam War