Part4:Questions ,questions Unit 9 :Biography Part3: Life as it was Part4:Questions ,questions THE PAST SIMPLE

Formation (Structure) Yes/No Questions Wh Questions Time expressions Meaning & usage Formation (Structure) Yes/No Questions Wh Questions Time expressions Pronunciation of verbs ending with ed

Past Simple meaning the form of a verb used to describe an action which happened before the present time and is no longer happening.

Past Simple Use Actions that started and finished in the past I went to the beach last Sunday. I bought a new car yesterday.

Past Simple Use Actions that happened one after the other in the past (like in a story) He came in, took off his coat and sat down. I went to the party and I saw my favourite friend, then I asked him to sit with me.

Past Simple Use The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past I studied French when I was a child. I always played tennis a years ago.

2 types of verbs REGULAR IRREGULAR

-ed for all subjects Regular verbs form Play  played Work  worked Stay  stayed Listen  listened

Special Notes: swap / swapped beg / begged clap / clapped hop / hopped If a regular verb ends in a single vowel and a single consonant (except x), double the consonant before you add -ed: E.g. stop /stopped swap / swapped beg / begged clap / clapped hop / hopped jog / jogged slam / slammed

Special Notes: compel / compelled Control/controlled 2) If a regular verb has two or more syllables, if the verb ends in l or r, and if the last syllable is stressed, double the l or r before you add -ed: E.g. prefer → preferred compel / compelled Control/controlled fulfíl / fulfilled defer / deferred Note that British spelling does not use this rule.

Special Notes: hónor / honored; súffer / suffered; trável / traveled 3)If a regular verb has two or more syllables, if the verb ends in l or r, and if the last syllable is not stressed, do not double the l or r, before you add -ed: E.g. cáncel / canceled; hónor / honored; súffer / suffered; trável / traveled Note that British spelling does not use this rule.

Special Notes: 4) If a regular verb ends in a consonant and y (or if the final syllable of a regular verb ends in this way), change the y to i and then add -ed: E.g. apply / applied copy / copied falsify / falsified supply / supplied hurry / hurried qualify / qualified

Special Notes: 5) If a regular verb ends in a vowel and y (or if the final syllable of a regular verb ends in this way), do not change the y to i and then add -ed: E.g. annoy / annoyed enjoy / enjoyed obey / obeyed play / played stay / stayed

Verbs don’t follow the previous rule Irregular verbs form Verbs don’t follow the previous rule The Irregular verbs do not make their past tense by adding- d or - ed or by changing y to i and adding ed. Instead, they make their past forms in several ways:

Verbs don’t follow the previous rule Irregular verbs form Verbs don’t follow the previous rule The form CHANGES from infinitives, usually with a vowel change. Can be grouped according to certain change patterns, which helps to memorize them.

Certain change patterns speak  spoke eat  ate see  saw fly  flew think  thought

beat / beat cost / cost cut / cut put / put set / set hit / hit For some irregular verbs, the simple and past forms are the same. Here are a few examples: beat / beat cost / cost cut / cut put / put set / set hit / hit

Verb TO BE I he she it you we they were was

DID NOT + VERB (base form) Negative Sentences DID NOT + VERB (base form) Example: I did not work yesterday or I didn’t work yesterday INCORRECT: I didn’t worked

More examples: - I didn’t go on holiday last year - I didn’t went on holiday last year

Negative Sentences verb TO BE WAS / WERE + NOT Examples: I was not at school yesterday afternoon or I wasn’t at school yesterday afternoon They were not at home last weekend They weren’t at home last weekend

Yes /No Questions Did you work yesterday? DID + subject + main verb + rest of sentence + ? Example: Did you work yesterday? - Yes, I did. - No, I didn’t.

WH Questions Person Things Place Reason Time Process Choose Who What Where Why When How Which

Questions Yes / No Question Wh – Non – Subject Question Did Nevo see his grandparents yesterday? Wh – Non – Subject Question Where did you spend your holidays? Wh – Subject Question Who wrote this beautiful poem? Did Subject V1 Rest of the sentence ? Wh - word did Subject V1 Rest of the sentence ? Who / What V2 Rest of the sentence ?

Yes /No Questions verb TO BE WAS / WERE + subject + rest of sentence + ? Example: Were you at home last weekend? - Yes, I was. - No, I wasn’t.

REMEMBER!! Positive sentences: Negative sentences: Yes/No questions: I played football yesterday I went home early on Saturday Negative sentences: I didn’t play football yesterday I didn’t go home early on Saturday Yes/No questions: Did you play football yesterday? Did you go home early in Saturday?

REMEMBER!! Verb TO BE Positive sentences: Negative sentences: I was in London last year Negative sentences: -They weren’t at home last weekend Yes/No questions: Were you ill yesterday?

Remember We use the same verb form with all subjects E.g.–Yesterday ,I/We/You /He /She/It/They played football. -Last week, I/We/You /He /She/It/They arrived at work at 9.00am © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Time expressions Frequency adverbs Yesterday, the day before yesterday… Last night, last week, last month, last year… The last time you called Two days ago, a week ago, 5 years ago… In 1999, in October, in the summer… lately, recently When I was a child.

Pronunciation of verbs ending in ed

Pronunciation of verb ending with ed When an infinitive verb ends with the sound [t] or [d] then, we have to add the syllabe of the past simple[Id] **/Id/ adds an extra syllable need - needed (Id) wait – waited (Id)

Pronunciation of verb ending with ed When the last sound of the verb vibrates in vocal cord, we have to pronounce the « ed » like a sound [d] Examples of voiced consonants /b/ /ð/ /v/ /l/ /r/ /z/ /m/ /n/ /g/ /dʒ/ /ʒ / /ŋ/ sob - sobbed (d) roam - roamed (d) believe - believed (d) judge - judged (d) fill - filled (d) enjoy - enjoyed (d)

Pronunciation of verb ending with ed When the last sound of the verb doesn’t vibrate in vocale cord, then it is pronounced [T] Examples of voiceless consonants /P/ /k/ /F/ /s/ /ʃ / /tʃ/ /θ / look - looked (t) push - pushed (t) ask - asked (t) watch - watched (t) help - helped(t) dress - dressed (t)

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