Work Design: Productivity and Safety IE 419 Work Design: Productivity and Safety Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #15 IE 419

Work Design: Productivity and Safety IE 419 Work Design: Productivity and Safety Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #15 IE 419

Basics of Basic MOST Only three activity sequences: General Move Movement of object freely through space ½ of all work sequences Controlled Move Movement of object attached to another or in contact with a surface ⅓ of all work sequences Tool/Equipment Use 1/6 of all work sequences IE 419

General Move - Basics Has 4 subactivities: Grouped into 3 phases: A = Action distance (horizontal) B = Body motion (vertical) G = Gain control (i.e. GET cases A, B, C) P = Placement (i.e. PUT cases A, B, C) Grouped into 3 phases: Get – reach and gain control of object Put – move object to new location Return – distance walked back to workstation, not for hands IE 419

General Move Get Put Return A B G A B P A A = Action distance B = Body motion G = Gain control P = Placement Obtain Index Values based on characteristics Sum Index Values, multiply by 10 → TMUs IE 419

Controlled Move – Typical Steps Reach some distance with hands for object, perhaps with body motion or steps Gain manual control of object Move object over a controlled path, perhaps with body motion or steps Allow time for control (a process) to occur Align object at end of process time Return to workplace (if needed) IE 419

Controlled Move - Basics Has 3 new subactivities: M = Move controlled (path is controlled) X = Process Time (controlled by mechanical devices, not manual actions) I = Alignment (conclusion of process to achieve alignment of objects) Grouped into 3 phases: Get and 3) Return as before Move over controlled path or actuate device IE 419

Controlled Move Get Move/Actuate Return A B G M X I A A = Action distance B = Body motion G = Gain control M = Move controlled X = Process Time I = Alignment IE 419

MOST - Controlled Move IE 419

Ex #2 - Controlled Move Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G1 M1 X10 I0 A0 Engage a feed lever on a milling machine. Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G1 M1 X10 I0 A0 A1 = Reach to lever (within reach) B0 = No body motion G1 = Gain control of lever M1 = Move lever (< 12 in.) to engage X10 = Process time of ~3.5 sec I0 = No alignment A0 = No return ∑IV = 1+1+1+10 = 13, 13x10 = 130 TMUs IE 419

Controlled Move - Parameter Indexing Move Controlled (M) M6 two stages > 24 in or with 1-2 steps M10 3-4 stages or 3-4 steps M16 6-9 steps Extended values M1 one stage ≤ 12 in or press button/switch/knob M3 one stage > 12 in or push/pull with resistance or seat/unseat or high control two stages ≤ 24 in Note: Applies to feet also, Ex. Push pedal > 12 in → M3 IE 419

Move Controlled - Crank move fingers, wrist, forearm in circular path more than ½ revolution < ½ rev → push/pull/pivot M3 = 1 rev M6 = 2-3 rev M10 = 4-6 rev M16 = 7-11 rev IE 419

Controlled Move – Process Time Index Value Seconds Minutes No process time 1 0.5 0.01 3 1.5 0.02 6 2.5 0.04 10 4.5 0.07 16 7.0 0.11 330 124 2.06 IE 419

Controlled Move – Alignment Line up to a point(s) Single eye focus I1 to one point in single correcting action I3 to two ≤ 4 in apart I6 to two > 4 in apart I16 with precision IE 419

Controlled Move – Alignment Nontypical Objects (Flat, large, flimsy) Index Method I0 Against stop I3 1 adjust to stop I6 2 adjust to stop 1 adjust to 2 stops I10 3 adjust to stop 2 adjust to line Machining Operations Index Align to I3 Workpiece I6 Scale mark I10 Indicator dial IE 419

Ex #3 - Controlled Move Get Move/Actuate Return A3 B0 G3 M3 X0 I6 A0 A press operator moves a 4x8 ft. sheet of thin gauge steel a distance of 14 inches. The sheet is aligned to two stops on opposite ends of the sheet (not necessary to reposition hands during alignment). The operator takes one step back to gain control of the sheet. Get Move/Actuate Return A3 B0 G3 M3 X0 I6 A0 ∑IV = 3+3+3+6 = 15, 15x10 = 150 TMUs IE 419

MOST - Controlled Move IE 419

Ex #4 - Controlled Move Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G3 M3 X0 I0 A0 A material handler takes hold of a heavy carton with both hands and pushes it 18 in. across conveyor rollers. Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G3 M3 X0 I0 A0 ∑IV = 1+3+3 = 7, 7x10 = 70 TMUs IE 419

Ex #5 - Controlled Move Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G1 M1 X10 I0 A0 Using a foot pedal to activate the sewing machine, an operator sews a stitch requiring 3.5 sec process time. Get Move/Actuate Return A1 B0 G1 M1 X10 I0 A0 ∑IV = 1+1+1+10 = 13, 13x10 = 130 TMUs IE 419

Tool/Equipment Use – Typical Steps Get tool Reach some distance with hands for tool, perhaps with body motion or steps Gain manual control of tool Put tool in place Move tool to where it will be used, perhaps with body motion or steps Place tool in position for use Use tool: apply tool action Put tool aside, perhaps for later reuse Return to workplace (if needed) IE 419

Tool Use - Subactivities F = Fasten; assemble with fingers/tool L = Loosen; disassemble with fingers/tool C = Cut; separate, divide with sharp tool S = Surface treat; apply or remove material from the surface of an object M = Measure; compare physical characteristics of object with standard R = Record; record info with pen/pencil T = Think; eye actions or mental activity to obtain info or to inspect object IE 419

Equipment Use - Subactivities W = Keyboard/Typewriter; use mechanical or electronic data entry device K = Keypad; use alphanumeric keypad such as on a PDA or telephone H = Letter/Paper Handling; performance of various paper filing and sorting operations IE 419

Tool/Equipment Use Get Put in place Use Put aside Return A B G A B P * A = Action distance B = Body motion G = Gain control P = Placement IE 419

MOST – Tool Use -1 ABG ABP – tool placement prior to use IE 419

MOST – Tool Use 2 IE 419

Ex #6 – Tool Use (Fasten/Loosen) Obtain a nut from a parts bin located within reach, place it on the bolt, and run it down with seven finger actions. Get Put in place Use Put aside Return A1 B0 G1 A1 B0 P3 F10 A0 B0 P0 A0 ∑IV = 1+1+1+3+10 = 16, 16x10 = 160 TMUs IE 419

Ex #7 – Tool Use (Fasten/Loosen) From a position in front of an engine lathe, obtain a large T-wrench located five steps away, loosen one bolt on the lathe with both hands, using five arm actions. Set aside T-wrench (within reach). Get Put in place Use Put aside Return A10B0G1 A10B0P3 L24 A1 B0 P1 A0 ∑IV = 10+1+10+3+24+1+1 = 50, 50x10 = 500 TMUs IE 419

MOST – Tool Use 3 IE 419

Ex #8 – Tool Use (Cut) Get Put in place Use Put aside Return A3 B0 G1 An operator picks up a knife from a bench two steps away, makes one cut across the top of a cardboard box, and sets aside knife on the bench. Get Put in place Use Put aside Return A3 B0 G1 A3 B0 P1 C3 A0 ∑IV = 3+1+3+1+3+3+1 = 15, 15x10 = 150 TMUs IE 419

Ex #9 – Tool Use (Surface Treat) Before marking off a piece of sheet metal for a cutting operation, the operator takes a rag from his pocket and wipes (5x) an oily film from the surface. A1 B0 G1 A1 B0 P1 S32 A1 B0 P1 A0 1+1+1+1+32 +1+1 = 38, 38x10 = 380 TMUs IE 419

Ex #10 – Tool Use (Measure) Before welding two steel plates, a welder obtains a square and checks the angle between the plates. The square is 3 steps away on a bench. A6 B0 G1 A6 B0 P1 M10 A6 B0 P1 A0 6+1+6+1+10+6+1 = 31, 31x10 = 310 TMUs IE 419