Steps in the Cold War continued notes

IRON CURTAIN SPEECH speech from Prime Minister Winston Churchill an “Iron Curtain” of Soviet controlled countries in Eastern Europe ran along the western borders of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Albania

TRUMAN DOCTRINE in 1947 President Truman asked for $400 million providing military and economic assistance to countries that resist communist takeovers

MARSHALL PLAN in 1947 U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall created a plan to rebuild Europe Congress approved $17 billion European nations could receive money to rebuild as long as the money was spent on U.S. products only West European countries took the loan

MOLOTOV PLAN the Soviet Union rejected participation in the Marshall Plan and decided to create an economic union of East European countries Created by Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheshav Molotov East Europe would rebuild according to a plan set forth by the communist countries

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 military alliance Canada, U.S. West Europe, Greece and Turkey still in existence today

WARSAW PACT Warsaw Pact was created in 1955 military alliance Soviet Union and seven East European Satellite States Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria

BERLIN BLOCKADE following WWII, Germany was divided into four occupation zones controlled by the Americans, Soviets, British and French Berlin, the German capital, was also divided in four zones held by the same powers in 1948, the Soviet Union decided to cut off road and rail access to Berlin which was inside East Germany

BERLIN AIRLIFT the Berlin Blockade left two million West Berliners without food, electricity and fuel for 10 months the U.S. sent two million tons of supplies to West Berlin on cargo planes the Soviet Union lifted the blockade in May, 1949

BERLIN WALL after years of using propaganda to discourage people from defecting to West Berlin… a wall was constructed in 1961 that sealed shut the entire border between East and West Berlin it was manned by East German soldiers in watchtowers with shoot to kill orders for anyone attempted to scale the wall

BERLIN WALL CONTINUED the Berlin Wall was tore down in November, 1989

HORRIBLE FLASHBACKS

U.S.S.R. TESTS THE BOMB the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb in 1949 both “Superpowers” now competed in an arms race

THE INVASION OF HUNGARY rioting broke out in Hungary in 1956 they wanted more freedoms from their communist government the new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, moved the Soviet army with tanks into the streets of Budapest the uprising was brutally crushed and Hungary was returned to a Soviet-style nation

THE INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA in 1968, Czechoslovakia attempted to loosen itself from Soviet control and restore freedoms lost since the end of WWII it the revolt was led by Alexander Dubcek the Soviet Union sent in Warsaw Pact troops and crushed the revolt