 List three goals of foreign policy.  What are two ways that the United States tries to achieve world peace?  What goal of foreign policy was met when the US used trade sanctions against South Africa to protest the policy of Apartheid (legalized segregation between blacks and whites in South Africa?)

1. Instruments of Foreign Policy Notes 2. Hearts & Bombs Chart

 Humanitarian  Economic  National Security  Ideological

Bombs: Foreign policy tools are typically used to entice nations to change their behavior or to punish them for certain behavior.

1. Force countries to meet conditions for loans 2. Force countries to pay back loans. 3. Force countries to meet conditions to receive aid. 4. Pulling out humanitarian aid workers. Example: Rwanda 5. Ending foreign aid. Example: North Korea

1. Raise tariffs 2. Withdraw MFN status 3. Halt foreign aid or loans 4. Demand debt payments Example: China – Tiananmen Square ‘Most Favored Nation’ status

5. Impose sanctions or embargoes Example: Cuba 6. Restrict investments 7. Freeze assets 8. Take over foreign-owned businesses.

1. Statement of condemnation Example: China, Cuba, North Korea 2. Close Embassies 3. Seek U.N. action Example: Colin Powell and Iraq

4. Restrict visas/limit travel 5. End diplomatic relations Example: U.S. and Cuba

6. Issues threats 7. Mobilize troops Example: Afghanistan 8. Assassinate leaders 9. Blockade 10. Bomb/Invade/ Occupy

1. Propaganda at home and abroad 2. Censor media 3. Supply weapons to anti-government groups Example: Iran-Contra Affair

4.Fund political campaigns of opposition candidates. Example: UK & Sierra Leone 5.Arrest their citizens in the U.S. Example: Patriot Act, racial profiling of men from the Middle East after 9/11. President Koroma

Hearts: Things a country does in order to support safety, human rights, democracy and economic prosperity in other countries.

 What are two economic things the United States can and does do to countries we are unhappy with?  What are two humanitarian things the United States can and does do to countries we are happy with?  Give one example of a heart or bomb we talked about yesterday.

 Finish hearts and bombs notes  Middle East Map  Use pages 114 and 115 in the atlas to complete your maps.  When you finish show Mrs. Bos so that she can initial them and you can get credit for them.  You should keep your map to study from – the first map quiz will be on Thursday or Friday of next week.

1.Education programs to help create infrastructure 2.Send relief workers 3.Build hospitals, power plants 4.Send military doctors 5.Give food, clothing, shelters, medicine, etc. Example: US aid to Africa to improve education and health and prevent human rights violations.

1.Statements of praise 2.Grant diplomatic recognition 3.Exchange key information 4.Have a summit meeting 5.Negotiate treaties and alliances 6. Loosen immigration policies 7. Allow diplomats to travel more freely Example: NATO – Alliance of 28 democratic countries.

1.Build bases to protect allies. 2.Withdraw troops 3.Train their military 4.Send peacekeeping troops 5.Slow arms race 6.Supply or sell weapons they request. Example: Israel – has received more U.S. military and economic aid than any other country since World War II.

1.Grant foreign aid. 2.Cut tariffs and grant MFN trade status 3.Remove sanctions or embargoes 4.Forgive or restructure debts. 5.Welcome investments 6.Make loans Example: Egypt, Haiti, etc…

 The U.S. has an embargo on Cambodia because they are a communist nation.  The European Union stops trading with Myanmar because of human rights violations there.  The U.S. and other developed nations give countries in South America and Africa money to improve access to clean water.  A nation that had once been communist begins allowing free elections to allow citizens to choose leaders, the U.S. withdraws the troops that it had stationed in that country.