Much of what is known about life of the Buddha from accounts in Buddhist literature Gautama born 500s BC Prince of small kingdom in what is now Nepal – Led sheltered life – Unaware of hardship – Life changed when learned people got old, sick, died THE LIFE OF BUDDHA

Gautama resolved to find way to overcome age, sickness, keep people from suffering Gave up possessions, left palace Sought enlightenment, spiritual understanding for six years Studied with gurus, monks but decided they could not teach way to enlightenment  Sat under tree, no teachers, no companions, determined not to arise until he found way  Stories say he meditated all night  Resolve tested by violent storms, earthly temptations  At daybreak, had been transformed, found enlightenment, became the Buddha, Enlightened One  Temple built where he meditated, Bodh Gaya, one of Buddhism’s most sacred places BUDDHA’S ENLIGHTENMENT

 There is suffering in the world  The cause of self suffering is self centered desire  The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments  To reach nirvana you must follow the Eightfold Path THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

BELIEFS OF BUDDHISM suffering within A major change in Gautama’s thinking was when he decided to stop looking outwardly to understand the cause of suffering. Instead, he decided to look within his own mind. right thinkingself-denial Instead of worshipping gods or a god, Buddha taught his followers that the answer to human suffering was in right thinking and self-denial. manygodsone god A big difference between Buddhism and other major religions is that in Buddhism you do not worship many gods or even one god.

selfish desires give up  According to Buddha, human suffering happens because of our selfish desires for things like power, wealth, and pleasure. The way to be happy was to give up those selfish desires. Middle Way = MODERATION  He called this path to happiness the Middle Way = MODERATION unselfishlyfairly truth violenceany  In Buddhism, people are to act unselfishly, treat people fairly, tell the truth all the time, avoid violence and the killing of any living thing nirvana  When people learned to follow this Buddhist Middle Path, they would find lasting peace, called nirvana. Once a person reached this point, that person would no longer need to go through reincarnation GIVING UP DESIRES

THE EIGHTFOLD PATH

SPREAD OF BUDDHISM

Theravada Buddhism  The oldest school of Buddhism.  The “ Way of the Elders ” or the “ Small Vehicle. ”  Found in southern Asia.  The monastic life is the best way to achieve nirvana.  Focus on wisdom and meditation.  Goal is to become a “ Buddha, ” or “ Enlightened One. ”  Over 100,000,000 followers today.  The oldest school of Buddhism.  The “ Way of the Elders ” or the “ Small Vehicle. ”  Found in southern Asia.  The monastic life is the best way to achieve nirvana.  Focus on wisdom and meditation.  Goal is to become a “ Buddha, ” or “ Enlightened One. ”  Over 100,000,000 followers today.

Theravada Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism  The “ Great Vehicle. ”  Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan).  Buddhism “ for the masses. ”  Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings.  Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.

Tibetan Buddhism  The “ Diamond Vehicle. ” [Vajrayana]  Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE.  A mix of Theravada and Mahayana.  Boddhisatvas include Lamas, like the Dalai Lama.  The Tibetan Book of the Dead [Bardo Thodol].

Zen Buddhism  The “ Meditation School. ”  Seeks sudden enlightenment [satori] through meditation, arriving at emptiness [sunyata].  Use of meditation masters [Roshi].  Beauty, art, and aesthetics:  Gardens.  Archery.  Tea ceremony.  Calligraphy.