Chapter 7 Section 5

Conditions in Russia  Rigid social structure Landowning nobles Very small middle class Majority of Russians are serfs  Tsar ruled with absolute power

Crimean War  Russia attacks Ottoman Empire Tries to get land along Black Sea  Britain and France help Ottomans defeat Russia  War shows Russia’s weakness

Freeing the Serfs  Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Freeing the Serfs  Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs  Former serfs had to buy land

Freeing the Serfs  Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs  Former serfs had to buy land  Peasants did not have money  Lands were too small to be useful

Freeing the Serfs  Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs  Former serfs had to buy land  Peasants did not have money  Lands were too small to be useful  Peasants remained poor

Freeing the Serfs  Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs  Former serfs had to buy land  Peasants did not have money  Lands were too small to be useful  Peasants remained poor  Many peasants moved to the cities

Introducing Other Reforms  Established local governments  Trial by jury  Eased censorship  Reduced military service requirements

Revolutionary Currents  Revolutionaries still wanted more  March 13, 1881 – Alexander II is assassinated

 Church of the Savior on Blood Built by Alexander III

Monuments to Alexander II

Previewing Question  How do you think Alexander III responded?

Alexander III  Repealed many reforms Increased secret police Restored strict censorship Exiled critics to Siberia Persecuted all non- Russians

Persecution and Pogroms  Persecution of Jews increased Limited number of Jews able to go to universities and work in certain jobs  Pogroms Violent mob attacks on Jewish people  Refugees People who flee homeland

Pogroms

Drive to Industrialize  Nicholas II urges industrialization  Builds Trans-Siberian railroad  Nobles and peasants feared change and opposed industrialization  Living conditions deteriorated Socialist ideas spread through slums

Trans-Siberian Railway

Russo-Japanese War  Russia is defeated by Japan  Largest country in the world defeated by an island  Russia is humiliated

Question  How do you think the Russian people felt about industrialization and the Tsar after the Russo-Japanese War?

Bloody Sunday – January 22, 1905  People are outraged over news of defeat  Marchers assembled outside Winter Palace (Peaceful) Tsar was scared and fled  Soldiers open fire on masses

Check for Understanding  What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people?

Check for Understanding  What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people? Bloody Sunday killed the people’s faith and trust in the Tsar

Revolution of 1905  Russia broke out into revolution  Nicholas II created the Duma Elected national legislature  Nicholas would be last Tsar