Control of Aquatic Invasive Species and Restoration of Natural Communities in Ireland Dr Joe Caffrey Central Fisheries Board QUB, Belfast – 7 th April.

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Presentation transcript:

Control of Aquatic Invasive Species and Restoration of Natural Communities in Ireland Dr Joe Caffrey Central Fisheries Board QUB, Belfast – 7 th April 2009

Scope High impact aquatic invasive species in Ireland Case studyLagarosiphon major (Curly Waterweed) Future work and funding

High Impact Aquatic Invasive Species Curly WaterweedLagarosiphon major Nuttall’s WaterweedElodea nuttallii DaceLeuciscus leuciscus Zebra MusselDreissena polymorpha New Zealand PigmyweedCrassula helmsii Parrot FeatherMyriophyllum aquaticum Fringed Water lilyNymphoides peltata Water FernAzolla filiculoides

Chinese Mitten CrabEriocheir sinensis ChubLeuciscus cephalus Bloody Red ShrimpHemimysis anomala Floating PennywortHydrocotyle ranunculoides Potentially High Impact Aquatic Invasive Species

Lagarosiphon near Kilmeaden, Waterford 2005

Nuttall’s Waterweed (Elodea nuttallii) in Carrigadrohid Reservoir

New Zealand Pigmyweed (Crassula helmsii) Emergent and submerged

Parrot’s Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)

Fringed Water lily (Nymphoides peltata)

Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides)

Azolla in River Barrow and Limerick Canal

Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Chub (Leuciscus leuciscus), River Inny – 2006

Bloody Red Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) Photo - Dan Minchin (2008)

Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides)

Case Study Lagarosiphon major in Lough Corrib INVASIVE SPECIES CONTROL

Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) Submerged aquatic ‘Oxygenating weed’ Artificial watercourses ~ Only natural habitat is Lough Corrib

Rinerroon Bay, Lough Corrib pre-Lagarosiphon major

Rinerroon Bay, Lough Corrib post-Lagarosiphon major (2005)

Why is Lagarosiphon a Problem? No natural enemies in Ireland Rapid growth rate Dispersal through fragmentation Actively grows in winter Canopy forming – excludes indigenous macrophytes Alters macroinvertebrate community structure Creates improved conditions for coarse fish No legislation to prohibit its sale and distribution

Lagarosiphon Control Methods Currently Employed Hand removal using Scuba Mechanical cutting and harvesting Herbicides Light exclusion Life cycle studies [Biological control]

Hand Removal using Scuba Lagarosiphon in low abundance - recently colonised sites - edge of large stands - following other treatment methods

Herbicides for Lagarosiphon Control Lough Corrib is a SAC and drinking water supply !!! Only one approved herbicide to treat submerged weeds Lagarosiphon is susceptible to dichlobenil Applied locally in upper lake

Mechanical Cutting in Lough Corrib Deep cut with trailing knives (V-blades) 10 infested sites treated in ,700 tonnes of Lagarosiphon removed 29.2 hectares of infested lake bed cleared

Light Exclusion using Biodegradable Geotextile Trials commenced in August ,750 sq m at 4 sites treated Early indications positive

Little is known about the life cycle strategies or adventive traits of Lagarosiphon under Irish conditions Life Cycle Studies as an Aid to Lagarosiphon Control Less is known about the factors that influence its growth in Irish waters This information is vital if potential weak links in Lagarosiphon’s life cycle are to be identified and targeted for specific control

Restoration of Natural Communities Natural recolonisation of indigenous species from spores, seeds, fragments Transplant indigenous species Create conditions favourable for indigenous species

Funding & Future Research Primary source of funding for is Life+ (EU & NPWS) €1.5 million 2 Projects Lagarosiphon control in Lough Corrib Invasive species in Grand Canal / Barrow corridor Worth approx. €180k per annum per project (vs c. €200k for 6 months on Lagarosiphon in 2008)

Strategic Control of Lagarosiphon in 2009 Clearance of sites from all upstream sites

Strategic Control of Lagarosiphon in 2009 Mechanical cutting of sites on north-western shore

Strategic Control of Lagarosiphon in 2009 Apply geotextile to all sites in the middle lake

Road Map for Lagarosiphon Control in Lough Corrib

Biocontrol PhD to be funded – commencing in summer 2009 Collaboration with University of Grahamstown in SA No. of candidate species already identified Photos J-R Baars

Can We Eradicate Lagarosiphon in Lough Corrib? Enormous task – using traditional methods Best expertise available will be utilised Biocontrol may provide the ‘silver bullet’