Recycled Concrete Aggregates ET 493-FALL 2013 INSTRUCTOR: CRIS KOUTSOUGERAS ADVISOR: MOHAMED ZEIDAN BY: CHASE CHARRIER AND GARRETT TREGRE

What are RCA’s? Concrete Components: 1. Water 2. Binding Material 3. Coarse Aggr.(Rock) 4. Fine Aggr. (Sand)

What are RCA’s RECYCLING CONCRETE -> RCA’S CONCRETE SLAB / CONCRETE STRUCTURE

Introduction  Comparing RCA to Typical Aggregate 1. Performance Analysis 2. Cost Analysis RCA Typical Aggregate

Purpose  Research and test the effectiveness of RCA’s use in the construction field  Increase RCA’s use in the construction field  Provided an ECO friendly industry through RCA’s

Concrete’s Intended Use  Sidewalk and Pavements  4000 PSI – Compressive Strength

Design Mix

Materials 1. Cement, Gravel, Sand 2. Concrete Mixer 3. Slump Cone Test Set 4. Molds for Testing 5. Scales 6. Tampering Rod 7. Air Content Pressure Meter

Slump Test  ASTM C143 Standard  Measures the mixtures fresh concrete properties  Consistency & Workability- measure of the ease at which the concrete flows  Also measures the consistency between multiple batches of concrete  Different slumps are required for different applications  The slump test measures concrete’s behavior to the force of gravity  More slump = more water and workability  Smaller slump = drier mix with less workability

Slump Test Procedure  Fresh concrete is placed into a metal cone with a diameter of 4” at one end and 8” at the other end being 12” tall  The concrete is placed into the cone in 3 stages and at each stage the concrete is tampered with a 2’ metal rod, 5/8” in diameter  The final stage is to level off the concrete, remove the cone, and measure the slump

Air Content Test  ASTM C231/C231M-10  Determines the amount of air in a fresh concrete mix  Three Methods:  Pressure Method  Volumetric Method  Free Air Method  Pressure applied to fresh sample of concrete to compress air entrained pores  Meter on device measures pressure  Pressure-to-Volume relationship to Boyle’s Law is used to calculate air content

Compression Test  ASTM C39 standard  Measures concrete’s ability to withstand compression forces  Strength normally relates the overall quality of the concrete  Concrete is molded into cylinders in which the length is twice the diameter and the diameter is three times the maximum aggregate size  After 28 days are given for proper time to cure, the cylinders are tested  Compression test is performed by applying an axial load to the test cylinder at a constant rate until failure occurs

Compression Test

Tensile Test  ASTM C496 standard  Measures concrete’s ability to resist tensile forces  Tensile strength is much smaller than concrete’s compression strength  Test is performed by placing a concrete cylinder horizontally under a compression machine and applying a force until splitting occurs  Concrete Cylinder- common size 150mm by 300 mm

Durability Test  ASTM C779 standard for abrasion testing  Measures of concrete’s ability to last over time  We will measure our concrete’s durability through a sandblasting abrasion test  The concrete abrasion test involves spraying our concrete test piece with a sandblaster from a distance of 75 +/- 2.5mm for a length of 1 min.  The volume lost due to abrasion is measure by filling the abrasion cavities with modeling clay

Analysis  Typical Aggregate vs. RCA  Compare performance is cases of:  Strength  Durability  Workability  Perform cost analysis

Timeline/Deliverables October Research typical mixture designs and testing-Completed November Design a reference mixture of concrete-Completed December 3, 2013-Gather aggregates and cement from Tycer Ready Mix-Completed December Order testing equipment-Completed December-January Conduct trial mixtures/Fresh properties testing February Strength and Durability Testing March Mixture adjustments April Cost Analysis April-May Final Report Preparation

References 1. ASTM Standards: C143, C231/C231M-10; C39; C496; C “Concrete Air Entrainment Tests.” Durham Geo Slope Indicator. Durham Geo-Enterprises, Inc. durhamgeo.com. Web. 4 Dec Gee, King W. “Use of Recycled Concrete Pavement as Aggregate in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete Pavement.” U.S. Department of Federal Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. 3 July Fhwa.dot.gov. Web. 4. MacDonald, Kevin. "Crushed Concrete." Concrete Construction. Haney Wood, 30 July Web. 24 Oct "Material Testing." Compression Test on Concrete. Building Research Institute, n.d. Web. 25 Oct “Materials: Recycled Aggregates.” Concrete Technology. Portland Cement Association. Cement.org. Web.

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