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ArcelorMittal Europe – Flat Products S390EK Cost efficient green solution for manufacturing silos and tanks February 2015

S390EK: cost efficient and green New high strength steel grade for 2 sides enameling: –1C/1F –2C/1F –2C/2F 3 Outdoor application and inner storage of products Fishscaling-proof without requiring the use of metallic oxides-doped sublayer or ground enamel Environmentally friendly Guaranteed YS ≥ 390 MPa after first enamel firing High strength allow cost savings through possible thickness reduction. S390EK

Reduction in ground enamel & process cost Reduction in steel thickness along with ground enamel & process cost Total Cost (€/m²) Enameling Process cost S420MC 4 mm S390EK 4 mm S390EK 3.2 mm Enamel cost Steel cost (excluding transport) -7% -19% Even with higher product extras compared to standard substitute grade, S390EK brings in significant recurrent cost savings 4 Consistent cost savings

A challenging situation Hot rolled steels for silos and tanks require: ability for two sided enamelling high level of mechanical properties after enamel firing to withstand the pressure of the load contained in the silo To date, no steel on the market fit these requirements! Typically, manufacturers used HSLA steel grades (S420MC, S460MC). In order to obtain good enamel adhesion and thus reduce the risk of fishscale appearance, two costly solutions were used: coating of steel surface with metallic oxides enriched sublayer (NiO, CoO) use of ground enamel strongly doped with NiO Nevertheless, new regulations with environmental aim may shortly forbid the use of Ni and Co metallic oxides, threatening current enamelling processes. In addition, due to the drop of mechanical properties after Enameling, HSLA grade with initial YS of 450 MPa typically drops down to 300 MPa after firing 5

ArcelorMittal has developed S390EK, a new steel grade compliant with the evolution of the regulation: suitable for 2 sided enamelling without requiring any specific surface treatment or the use of doped enamel designed to guarantee a minimum yield strength of 390 MPa after first enamel firing S390EK allows to reduce steel thickness compared to S420MC or S460MC The solution: S390EK 6

S390EK How we avoid fishscales A specific metallurgy is required to avoid fishscales: The steel must have a sufficiently large hydrogen absorption capacity In the hot rolled material, the hydrogen trapping is obtained through the precipitation of titanium carbides or carbonitrides in the ferritic matrix The chemical analysis has been adapted to ensure a minimum yield strength after enamel firing: Targeted chemical composition (wt %) CMnPSSiAlTi ≤ – 1.2≤ 0.025≤ 0.015≤ – 0.06≥ 0.18 A high level Ti is the key to avoid fishscales 7

S390EK Mechanical properties High level of mechanical properties at delivery state: YS > 620 MPa Minimum yield strength guarantee after enamel firing: 390 MPa −Typical value: 420 MPa Direction After enamelling YS (MPa)TS (MPa)E 80 % T≥ 390≥ 500≥ 11 L≥ 380≥ 480≥ MPa minimum yield strength guarantee 8

S390EK Forming and assembling S390EK is suitable for forming and assembling operations like: –bending –punching –bolting We recommend bolting assembly for panels manufactured with S390EK 9

S390EK Enameling characterisation Enamelling with fish scale sensitive enamel (S43 Ferro – 2 sides): evaluation after firing and after 24h at 200ºC → no fishscale Already tested with ground and 2C/1F systems from Ferro & Pemco: –Good adherence & smooth surface –No fishscales observed after ageing –Answers requirements related to silo specification Stress test passed with flying colours 840ºC Sample presents no fishscales 10

S390EK Adapted to your process 11 Available non pickled or pickled/unoiled Compatible with all commonly used enamelling processes: wet or powder enamelling with spraying or electrostatic application Can be used for both conventional and ground enamelling processes

SamplesOn request Technical datasheetsUnder validation Further available information All rights reserved for all countries. This publication shall not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means whatsoever, without prior express written consent from ArcelorMittal. Care has been taken to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate, but this information is not contractually binding. ArcelorMittal and any other ArcelorMittal Group company do not therefore accept any liability for errors or omissions or any information that is found to be misleading. As this document may be subject to change at any time, please consult the latest information in the product document centre at industry.arcelormittal.com. 12 For further product information, please contact your Client Technical Support Managers or Account Managers Photo credit: LianeM, babetka, Joan Stabnaw, attila dudas - Shutterstock.com