Successful Power Monitoring is a Process Michael Daish Vice President Sales Summit Technology Inc.

Power Monitoring is a Process Introduction Why is monitoring a process? What are the tasks? Why studies go wrong Choosing instrumentation Data collection, retrieval, & analysis Documentation & reports Conclusions

Why is Power Monitoring a Process Power studies have a beginning, middle, and end. Connecting and set-up, correctly, safely Measurement over time, logging Analysis and Reports – the “end game” Monitor is central to the process – data collection tool Software tools complete the process, analysis, report

What do we want to accomplish? Define the problem you want to solve, examples: “I need to add more loads – will my panels and circuits support the new additions?” “We need to reduce energy consumption – I need to perform an energy audit to evaluate energy savings opportunities.” “How are the energy savings measures we have implemented performing?” “This transformer is very hot – is it overloaded, or are high harmonics the cause?” “My (machine/process) is operating erratically – is power quality the cause?” “When the HVAC (or motor or other equipment) turns on the breaker trips.” “I’m commissioning a UPS and need to verify it’s performance.” “I want to perform regular diagnostics on our motors as part of a predictive maintenance program.” etc.

Power Study Tasks Log V & I Power & Energy Power Quality – sags/swells Power Quality – high-speed transients Harmonics Frequency Flicker Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Flicker 0.2%

Choosing Right Instrument Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Flicker 0.2%

Instrument Types and Trends Multiple vendors = choice difficult Microelectronics progress = lower cost More processing power Lower cost memory = more storage Variety of communications methods Black-box, tablet, hand-held PQ features added to permanently installed meters Standards based or trouble-shooting

Instrument Types

Instrument Types – Present Hand-HeldTabletBlack-Box Sizesmallestmediumbiggest Weightlowestmediumheaviest DisplayLCDLCD/Graphicsnone Ease of ConnectionGood Ease of set upEasyLess EasyEasiest Breadth of MeasurementsMedium - High Highest SoftwareGoodVery Good ReportsVery Good CostLowest $1.5K - $5K Medium $4.5K - $ 9K Highest $10K - $15K

Why power studies go wrong! Bad planning Incorrect connections Wrong set-up Power cord or leads come off Tampering

To Display or Not Display Unattended long-term monitoring and logging does not require a display For long monitoring periods no one is looking at the monitor Analysis done off line Use PC as display for analysis and reports Good security – small size, less conspicuous Attended short-term monitoring sometimes requires oscilloscope display Witness conditions as they occur Forcing events, changing of waveforms Usually during commissioning and set-up of equipment Poor security – video game

Safety Categories Overvoltage Protection CategoriesOvervoltage withstand capability CAT II 600V4000V CAT III 300V CAT III 600V6000V CAT IV 300V CAT III 1000V8000V CAT IV 600V CAT IV 1000V12000V

Safety: Connecting Safely CAT IV rating - highest level of transient overvoltage (8,000 V over voltage at 600 Vrms service) Verifying connections by experience Indicator lights – go, no go Display – phasors, rotation, polarity, waveform CT’s self-identify Intelligence – SureStart checks all conditions

Waveform Capture

Spot Checks LCD Meter display Labeled buttons Instant readings

Connection Check List Types of Errors that may be present One, two, or three voltages not connected One, two, or three currents not connected to source One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system Two or three connections to the same voltage Two or three connections to the same current Voltages misidentified Currents misidentified One, two, or three current sensors backwards Two voltage connections switched Two current sensors switched All voltages rotated one position left All voltages rotated one position right All currents rotated one position left All currents rotated one position right One phase not present Two phases not present Three phases not present One phase offered as two or three phases One phase shorted to neutral or ground Two phases shorted to neutral or ground Neutral not connected to ground Non-standard voltage due to improper loading Non-standard voltage due to power system problem Non-standard frequency due to power system problem Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem Combinations of the above listed errors

Algorithms check all voltage and current connections Advises user of connection errors, setup SureStart ™ For Successful Studies

SafeConnect ™ Monitor power without exposure to high voltages No need to wear special gloves, eye- protection, or flame-retardant clothing. No need to power down. No need to put up protective barriers or warnings. Quick setup and teardown of monitoring sessions on live power. No need to remove panels. No need to deal with hooking up current probes in tight or inaccessible spaces. Periodic maintenance measurements. No switched phases, reversed probes, or dead channels. Permanent connections means the data is right when you return 1 month later.

“The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Power Quality and Harmonics Motor Diagnostics PS250 PS2500 PS3000 PS3500 PS4000 PS4500

“The Mighty Hand-Held” Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Power Logger Harmonics optional Harmonics 10%

“The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Sag/swell events 19% High-speed transients 8% Harmonics 10% Power & Energy 25% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5%

“The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Power Quality and Harmonics Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5%

Data Retrieval Methods Serial cable RS 232 Ethernet via serial-to-Ethernet converter USB via serial-to-USB converter Wireless - Bluetooth SD Memory card (256KB – 2 GB)

Log V and I

Log Tabular Data – Export to Excel * StartStartVanVbnVcnIaIbIcWa WbWcVAaVAbVAcPFaPFbPFc Freq * DateTimeAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvg AvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvg Avg 7/18/200211:33: /18/200211:33: /18/200211:33: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34: /18/200211:34:

Power and Energy

KWh

Harmonics

RMS Events Sags/Swells

Waveform Sags/Swells

RMS Events Current Inrush

High-Speed Transients

High voltage probes High voltage probes for 5KV or 15 KV

Motor Current Signature Analysis Evaluate motors while running Rotor/armature health Stator mechanical/electrical health Field coil faults Bearing health Eccentricity Loose connection problems Induction, synchronous, DC, wound rotor and induction with VFD type motors.

Reports and Documentation The “end game”! Print individual graphs Highlight peaks and behavior Tabulate results – minimums, maximums, and averages Filter results Edit text and graphs Wizard to compare two results surveys – “before and after!” Save as pdf, doc etc.

Reports and Documentation Add labels to draw attention to behavior

Reports and Documentation Tables and graphs compiled automatically

Reports and Documentation Filter report

Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

Safety: NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazards

CAT IV and Bluetooth for Safety

Safety: Remote PDA Operation

Safety: Leaving monitor behind unattended

Conclusion Power monitoring is a process Connect correctly and safely V & I data logging most common study Energy analyzer addresses 60% of studies Sags/swells are most common PQ problem Harmonics and high-speed transients less significant Display need depends on attended/unattended operation New hand-held analyzers pack high performance Options for high voltage, high freq noise, motor diagnostics Report writer completes the job NFPA 70E has changed electrical maintenance & testing Bluetooth for remote control by PC or PDA