Glenn Saint Commercial Director

Why? Reduction of harmful emissions Breathable harmful to health Atmospheric pollutants Reduction of Greenhouse gases CO 2 Carbon footprint Responsible for Climate Change Fuel savings and cost reductions

Reduction of “Carbon Footprint” Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Considered a main “Greenhouse Gas” What can be done? Reduce the amount of fuel burnt Change the type of fuel burnt

Carbon Reduction Turning point for vehicle drive technologies No single answer to carbon reduction issues Diesel electric hybrid is only one possibility Choice of technology may be locally driven Source of fuel Route mileage Terrain Needs to have retrofitable option to be future proof

What we will offer… Optare will offer the operator a choice to match these local needs Choice of fuel Choice of technology Future proof engineering allows for improvement and ongoing change Retrofitable solutions, we need to address the whole vehicle parc

Enhanced Diesel

All operations which directly affect safety, fuel economy and improved efficiency are monitored and fed back to the driver interface. Driver’s Binnacle

Diagnostics Fleet Operator(s) GPS Signal FTP Server Telecom Networks Telematic Gateway Unit Data is collected by TGU GPS data received from satellite system Two way communication in blocks or on request All vehicle data accessible to operators Remote diagnostics package Regular software updates Tachograph download via network Fleet management......etc Telematics Overview

Alternative Fuels

Methane Least environmental impact of all fossil fuels 26% less carbon than diesel Can be derived from landfill waste gas or anaerobic digestion Use in a gas engine (Spark ignition) Actual engine performance 25% worse! So no net carbon benefit So what do we do?

Dual Fuel Gas-Diesel Engine efficiency same as diesel Fuel consumption as diesel CNG Compressed Natural Gas Roof mounted tanks Can be provided from LCNG plant To 80% substitution 20% reduction in CO 2 on natural gas 50% reduction using BioMethane Retains existing diesel engine Can be retrofitted

Dual Fuel System

Solo Dual Fuel

BioMethane Dual Fuel Summary Technology partner Hardstaff Group multipoint injection system Exclusive partner for new and retrofit buses Optare to supply bus conversion Hardstaff supply gas fuelling station and gas supply Eligible for “Green Bus Grant” First vehicle retrofit Solo Anglian bus, Hardstaff, Optare, UEA

Pure Plant Oil Pure Plant Oil (PPO) “Regenatec system” 100% vegetable oil from Rape, Macadamia 80% plus carbon reduction Requires simple heating system for oil Modest vehicle on-cost

critical viscosity level target oil temp > 60°C typical PPO mineral diesel Temperature characteristics of mineral diesel PPO

Biofuel system heated fuel filter in line fuel filter original fuel tank now holding biofuel oil injection pump auxiliary fuel tank holds start & end of journey flush diesel coolant feed in coolant feed out injector pump fuel return flush valve fuel select valve

Pure Plant Oil Summary Modest on cost 80% carbon reduction Can be locally grown or recycled fuel Vehicles in service successfully Bracknell and Pembrokeshire Working in partnership with Regenatec Optare convert bus Regenatec supply fuel New buses and retrofit available

Hybrid Drives

Hybrid drives Reduces the amount of fuel burnt Utilises energy wasted in braking Stores the energy Reuses the energy to propel the vehicle Operate the engine at its optimum condition Savings of 20% to 30% in fuel and hence CO 2 Diesel Electric can be expensive!

Hybrid Versa & Solo (Siemens) Siemens series hybrid drive system Super capacitor energy storage (ISE) Mercedes OM904 Euro5 engine Engine driven ancillaries

Flywheel based Mechanical Hybrid Project Technology strategy board, fast-track project UK partners Twelve month demonstration project

Features and Benefits Light weight space efficient design Bolt on design option allows retrofit Lowest energy conversion losses Modest on-cost predicted

Typical Mechanical Hybrid Configuration

Formula 1 KERS CVT

Electric Vehicles

Solo EV

Fully electric ZERO Emission Valence Lithium Iron Magnesium Phosphate batteries Siemens 120kW traction motors Electrically driven accessories

Solo EV Power Pack and Motor Installation

Solo EV Benefits Zero Emissions in use Typical well to wheel CO 2 reduction > 50% On typical mix of European electricity, better on alternative energy Eligible for the “Green Bus Grant”

Summary Optare will offer Choice Enhanced Diesel technology for 10-15% fuel saving Full Electric EV for zero emission and min 50% CO 2 reduction Eligible for “Green Bus Grant” BioMethane Dual Fuel 50% CO 2 reduction Eligible for “Green Bus Grant” Hybrid drives, Diesel electric and Mechanical bolt on All retrofittable All future proof

Thank you for listening Do you have any questions?