Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller

Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos 5-Presentación de resultados Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel Buenos Aires, de agosto de 2005

ASTERISMOS PROJECT AS PONTES ASTERISMOS PROJECT

AS PONTES COAL MINE

Timing 1956 (start) (end) Area A: As Pontes mine (10 %) - 13 km x 7 km Area B: Regional setting - 36 km x 26 km A B AS PONTES COAL MINE

Restoration Map (Final) Time of Mine Life RESTORATION PLANNING AND MONITORING DSS PCALC Land use - Land cover Regional Setting Land use - Land cover Mine Area SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Maps (Annual Working Plans)

PCALC REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY MINE AREARESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection REGIONAL SETTINGVEGETATION PATTERN classification DSS

ASTERISMOS PROJECT GIS REMOTE SENSING RESTORATION ASSESSMENT specific geology, land use/cover, relief pattern, transport distance,... CRITERIA general legislation and economy DSS

flat area slope terrace hole A A B B Slope criteria AS PONTES RESTORATION

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

LAND USE (Ha) Pasture and crops Shrubland Deciduous forest Perennial forest Unvegetated Water Burnt area Total LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES

PERENNIAL FOREST DECIDUOUS FOREST MINE OPEN PIT DUMP AGRICULTURE FORESTRY NATURAL PARK final filling FOREST land use diversity < o slope < 2.5 o < 16 o LAKE SHRUBLANDGRASSLAND

DSS RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

DSS RESTORATION MAP – BASE CASE AS PONTES COAL MINE WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m) Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water

TRADITIONAL FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m) Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water

ENDESA (Ha)DSS (Ha) Grassland Forest Shrubland Water Total 1974 TRADITIONAL AND DSS FINAL RESTORATION MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

TasksTraditional ground-based surveys ASTERISMOS DSS 1. Criteria and measures definition 3 person /month2200 € (satellite imagery) 2 person /month 2. Final DEM a) Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey (existing terrane) 9000 € (aerial photography) p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) p/m b) Planned new areas (future terrane) 2 p/m 3. DSS construction 1 p/m 4. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 1 p/m0.25 p/m TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m6300 € p/m  30 % +  25 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

PCALC REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY MINE AREARESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection REGIONAL SETTINGVEGETATION PATTERN classification DSS

MULTITEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION 1956 extrapolated classification 1984 classification restoration map 1997 classification 1991 classification restoration map restoration map restoration map

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N km

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N km

POST-CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATIC LOGICAL COMPARISON MATRIX

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands (100 % veg. 1956) - 08/09/1984 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /09/1984 and 11/08/1991 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /08/1991 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE Landsat 5 - TM - Bands /09/1984 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N km

EVOLUTION OF MINING ACTIVITY AS PONTES COAL MINE LEGEND Affected area in 1984 Affected area in 1991 Affected area in 1997 Not affected Mine perimeter Landsat 5 - TM Years: Bare soil classes in stepwise classification N km

1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE

1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE Grassland Shrubland Deciduous forest Not restored area Conniferous forest Restored area

Land use \ Pair of years Hectares % Grassland Shrubland Deciduous forest Perennial forest Original Vegetation Water Bare soil Planned lake (< 340 m) Total mine area Total Restored RESTORATION EVALUATION

Tasks Traditional ground- based surveys ASTERISMOS PCALC 1. DEM of year of interest (Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey) 9000 € (aerial photography) p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) p/m 2. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 0.25 p/m 4400 € (2 satellite images) p/m TOTAL9000 € + 7 p/m 8500 € p/m  5 % +  95 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea Taller